References
The development of the algorithm for fracture risk assessment based on TBS, BMD and clinical risk factors has been based on a programme of work undertaken at the Sheffield University. Further details are provided in the references below. These include papers on the modelling approach and meta-analyses to evaluate TBS, bone mineral density and other risk factors.
The FRAX adjustment for TBS has been validated for Caucasian and Asian men and post-menopausal women aged 40 to 90.
Modelling approach
Leslie WD, Johansson H, Kanis JA, Lamy O, Oden A, McCloskey EV, Hans D. Lumbar spine texture enhances 10-year fracture probability assessment. Osteoporos Int. 2014 Sep;25(9):2271-7
McCloskey EV, Odén A, Harvey NC, Leslie WD, Hans D, Johansson H, Kanis JA. Adjusting Fracture Probability by Trabecular Bone Score. Calcif Tissue Int. 2015 Mar 22. [Epub ahead of print]
Meta-analyses
McCloskey EV, Odén A, Harvey NC, Leslie WD, Hans D, Johansson H, Barkmann R, Boutroy S, Brown J, Chapurlat R, Elders PJ, Fujita Y, Glüer CC, Goltzman D, Iki M, Karlsson M, Kindmark A, Kotowicz M, Kurumatani N, Kwok T, Lamy O, Leung J, Lippuner K, Ljunggren Ö, Lorentzon M, Mellström D, Merlijn T, Oei L, Ohlsson C, Pasco JA, Rivadeneira F, Rosengren B, Sornay-Rendu E, Szulc P, Tamaki J, Kanis JA. A meta-analysis of trabecular bone score in fracture risk prediction and its relationship to FRAX. J Bone Miner Res. 2015 Oct 24. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2734. [Epub ahead of print]
Iki M, Fujita Y, Tamaki J, Kouda K, Yura A, Sato Y, Moon JS, Winzenrieth R, Okamoto N, Kurumatani N. Trabecular bone score may improve FRAX® prediction accuracy for major osteoporotic fractures in elderly Japanese men: the Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) Cohort Study. Osteoporos Int. 2015 Mar 10. [Epub ahead of print] FRAX ADJUSTED FOR TBS WEBSITE – V1.1 – SOW © Medimaps group. All rights reserved. Document for internal use only 5 | 7
Kim D, Cho SK, Kim JY, Choi YY, Sung YK. Association between trabecular bone score and risk factors for fractures in Korean female patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol. 2015 Nov 7:1-6. [Epub ahead of print]
Schousboe JT, Vo T, Taylor BC, Cawthon PM, Schwartz AV, Bauer DC, Orwoll ES, Lane NE, Barrett-Connor E, Ensrud KE; Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group. Prediction of Incident Major Osteoporotic and Hip Fractures by Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) and Prevalent Radiographic Vertebral Fracture in Older Men. J Bone Miner Res. 2016 Mar;31(3):690-7. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2713. Epub 2015 Oct 21.
Leslie WD, Johansson H, Kanis JA, Lamy O, Oden A, McCloskey EV, Hans D. Lumbar spine texture enhances 10-year fracture probability assessment. Osteoporos Int. 2014 Sep;25(9):2271-7. doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2761-y. Epub 2014 Jun 21.
Reviews
Harvey NC, Glüer CC, Binkley N, McCloskey EV, Brandi ML, Cooper C, Kendler D, Lamy O, Laslop A, Camargos BM, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R, Kanis JA. Trabecular bone score (TBS) as a new complementary approach for osteoporosis evaluation in clinical practice. Bone. 2015 Sep;78:216-24. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.016. Epub 2015 May 16. Review.
Silva BC, Broy SB, Boutroy S, Schousboe JT, Shepherd JA, Leslie WD. Fracture Risk Prediction by Non-BMD DXA Measures: the 2015 ISCD Official Positions Part 2: Trabecular Bone Score. J Clin Densitom. 2015 Jul-Sep;18(3):309-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2015.06.008.
Silva BC, Leslie WD, Resch H, Lamy O, Lesnyak O, Binkley N, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA, Bilezikian JP. Trabecular bone score: a noninvasive analytical method based upon the DXA image. J Bone Miner Res. 2014 Mar;29(3):518-30.
Ulivieri FM, Silva BC, Sardanelli F, Hans D, Bilezikian JP, Caudarella R. Utility of the trabecular bone score (TBS) in secondary osteoporosis. Endocrine. 2014 Nov;47(2):435-48.