Dr Jonathan Shaw

BSc PhD

Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health

Reader in Microbiology

j.g.shaw@sheffield.ac.uk
+44 114 215 9553

The Medical School

Full contact details

Dr Jonathan Shaw
Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health
The Medical School
Beech Hill Road
Sheffield
S10 2RX

Profile

For enquiries please contact - ClinMed-Operational@sheffield.ac.uk

I am a Reader in Microbiology in the School of Medicine and Population Health. After finishing my PhD in 1991, I undertook two short post-doctoral positions in Sheffield and Canada before joining the Medical School in 1993 as an Independent Research Fellow.

Research interests

The major direction behind the research in my laboratory is the understanding of bacterial pathogenesis at a molecular and mechanistic level, in relation to colonisation factors, secreted products and physiology.

Current projects

Studies into the pathogenesis and physiology of the pathogenic Neisseria

Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial meningitis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea. Although quite a lot is known about these organism's virulence factors, there is very little information available about these organism's carbon metabolism. We are investigating the growth and metabolic characteristics of the pathogenic Neisseria through the use of 13C-NMR and enzyme assays, with the emphasis on growth on lactate. This will enable us to find out what metabolic pathways the organism’s uses in CSF (in vivo) and find out if any unique enzymes are present which can be rationally targeted for antimicrobial therapy.

The role of these pathways in the organism’s pathogenesis are also being considered. We are also investigating the role of the lysine acetylation and investigating the role of the neisserial acetylome on antibiotic resistance and pathogenesis. These projects are in collaboration with Christoph Tang and Rachel Exley at Oxford University.

Use of Aeromonas species as model systems for bacterial colonisation, environmental adaptation and protein glycosylation

Aeromonas spp. are an increasingly important cause of gastro-enteritis and wound infections, with A. caviae being important in the causation of paediatric diarrhoea. However, there is little known about the pathogenicity determinants of this organism.

Some strains of Aeromonas express two distinct flagella systems, a polar flagellum for swimming in liquid environments and many lateral flagella for swarming over surfaces, both are involved in colonisation. Possession of two types of flagella provides a natural reporter system for investigating how bacteria sense surfaces, or for dissecting the bacterial sense of touch.

We are also interested in the genetic cross-talk between the flagellar systems and the type 3 secretion systems (T3SS). In addition to novel effector proteins secreted by the T3SS.

Aeromonas glycosylates its flagellum with the sugar pseudaminic acid, this is essential for flagellar filament assembly and motility. This sugar is also found on the flagellin proteins of Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori. We are elucidating the flagellar glycosylation process at the molecular level. We are interested in developing sugar analogues to inhibit the glycosylation process that could possibly be used as a novel form of anti-microbial therapy. These projects are in collaboration with Graham Stafford of the Dental School, Simon Jones in Chemistry and the Universities of Barcelona and Tasmania.

Interactions of Burkholderia with eukaryotic cells

In collaboration with Dr M Thomas (Sheffield) we are using genetic means such as IVET and mutagenesis to investigate the mechanism of how Burkholderia interacts with host cells via its type VI secretion system.

Publications

Show: Featured publications All publications

Featured publications

Journal articles

Parker JL, Lowry RC, Couto NAS, Wright PC, Stafford GP & Shaw JG (2014) Maf-dependent bacterial flagellin glycosylation occurs before chaperone binding and flagellar T3SS export.. Mol Microbiol, 92(2), 258-272. View this article in WRRO
Hadi N, Yang Q, Barnett TC, Tabei SMB, Kirov SM & Shaw JG (2012) Bundle-forming pilus locus of Aeromonas veronii bv. Sobria.. Infect Immun, 80(4), 1351-1360.
Parker JL, Day-Williams MJ, Tomas JM, Stafford GP & Shaw JG (2012) Identification of a putative glycosyltransferase responsible for the transfer of pseudaminic acid onto the polar flagellin of Aeromonas caviae Sch3N. MicrobiologyOpen, 1, 149-160. View this article in WRRO
Wilhelms M, Molero R, Shaw JG, Tomas JM & Merino S (2011) Transcriptional Hierarchy of Aeromonas hydrophila Polar-Flagellum Genes. J BACTERIOL, 193(19), 5179-5190.
Parker JL & Shaw JG (2011) Aeromonas spp. clinical microbiology and disease.. J Infect, 62(2), 109-118.
Marteyn B, West NP, Browning DF, Cole JA, Shaw JG, Palm F, Mounier J, Prevost MC, Sansonetti P & Tang CM (2010) Modulation of Shigella virulence in response to available oxygen in vivo. NATURE, 465(7296), 355-U113.
Tabei SMB, Hitchen PG, Day-Williams MJ, Merino S, Vart R, Pang P-C, Horsburgh GJ, Viches S, Wilhelms M, Tomás JM , Dell A et al (2009) An Aeromonas caviae genomic island is required for both O-antigen lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and flagellin glycosylation.. J Bacteriol, 191(8), 2851-2863.
Shalom G, Shaw JG & Thomas MS (2007) In vivo expression technology identifies a type VI secretion system locus in Burkholderia pseudomallei that is induced upon invasion of macrophages.. Microbiology, 153(Pt 8), 2689-2699.
Seshadri R, Joseph SW, Chopra AK, Sha J, Shaw J, Graf J, Haft D, Wu M, Ren QH, Rosovitz MJ , Madupu R et al (2006) Genome sequence of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T): Jack of all trades. J BACTERIOL, 188(23), 8272-8282.
Exley RM, Shaw J, Mowe E, Sun YH, West NP, Williamson M, Botto M, Smith H & Tang CM (2005) Available carbon source influences the resistance of Neisseria meningitidis against complement. J EXP MED, 201(10), 1637-1645. View this article in WRRO
Kirov SM, Castrisios M & Shaw JG (2004) Aeromonas flagella (polar and lateral) are enterocyte adhesins that contribute to biofilm formation on surfaces. INFECT IMMUN, 72(4), 1939-1945.
Gavin R, Rabaan AA, Merino S, Tomas JM, Gryllos I & Shaw JG (2002) Lateral flagella of Aeromonas species are essential for epithelial cell adherence and biofilm formation. MOL MICROBIOL, 43(2), 383-397.
Rabaan AA, Gryllos I, Tomás JM & Shaw JG (2001) Motility and the polar flagellum are required for Aeromonas caviae adherence to HEp-2 cells.. Infect Immun, 69(7), 4257-4267.
Leighton MP, Kelly DJ, Williamson MP & Shaw JG (2001) An NMR and enzyme study of the carbon metabolism of Neisseria meningitidis.. Microbiology, 147(Pt 6), 1473-1482.

All publications

Journal articles

Lowry RC, Allihaybi L, Parker JL, Couto NAS, Stafford GP & Shaw JG (2022) Heterogeneous glycosylation and methylation of the Aeromonas caviae flagellin. MicrobiologyOpen, 11(4).
Green LR, Cole J, Parga EFD & Shaw JG (2022) Neisseria gonorrhoeae physiology and pathogenesis.
Maldonado‐Arriaga B, Sandoval‐Jiménez S, Rodríguez‐Silverio J, Alcaráz‐Estrada SL, Cortés‐Espinosa T, de Vaca RP, Licona‐Cassani C, Gámez‐Valdez JS, Shaw J, Mondragón‐Terán P , Hernández‐Cortez C et al (2021) Gut dysbiosis and clinical phases of pancolitis in patients with ulcerative colitis. MicrobiologyOpen, 10(2).
Maldonado-Arriaga B, Sandoval-Jiménez S, Rodríguez-Silverio J, Alcaráz- Estrada SL, Cortés-Espinosa T, Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca R, Shaw J, Mondragón-Terán P, Hernández-Cortez C, Suárez-Cuenca JA & Castro-Escarpulli G (2021) Patient knowledge of fecal calprotectin in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) : an observational study in Mexico. F1000Research, 9.
Flack EKP, Chidwick HS, Guchhait G, Keenan T, Budhadev D, Huang K, Both P, Mas Pons J, Ledru H, Rui S , Stafford GP et al (2020) Biocatalytic transfer of pseudaminic acid (Pse5Ac7Ac) using promiscuous sialyltransferases in a chemoenzymatic approach to Pse5Ac7Ac-containing glycosides. ACS Catalysis, 10, 9986-9993. View this article in WRRO
Gray K, Green LR, Chaudhuri RR & Shaw JG (2019) Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of 10 Aeromonas Strains from Clinical and Environmental Sources. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 8(30). View this article in WRRO
Felix Diaz Parga E & Shaw JG (2019) The role of acetyl-phosphate in the pathogenesis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Access Microbiology, 1(1A). View this article in WRRO
Maldonado-Arriaga B, Escobar-Escamilla N, Pérez-Razo JC, Alcaráz-Estrada SL, Flores-Sánchez I, Moreno-García D, Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca R, Mondragón-Terán P, Shaw J, Hernandez-Cortez C , Castro-Escarpulli G et al (2019) Mollicutes antibiotic resistance profile and presence of genital abnormalities in couples attending an infertility clinic.. Journal of International Medical Research. View this article in WRRO
Zhao Y & Shaw J (2016) Cross-Talk between the Aeromonas hydrophila Type III Secretion System and Lateral Flagella System. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7. View this article in WRRO
Lowry RC, Parker JL, Kumbhar R, Mesnage S, Shaw JG & Stafford GP (2015) The Aeromonas caviae AHA0618 gene modulates cell length and influences swimming and swarming motility. MicrobiologyOpen, 4(2), 220-234. View this article in WRRO
Parker JL, Lowry RC, Couto NAS, Wright PC, Stafford GP & Shaw JG (2014) Maf-dependent bacterial flagellin glycosylation occurs before chaperone binding and flagellar T3SS export.. Mol Microbiol, 92(2), 258-272. View this article in WRRO
Lowry R, Balboa S, Parker JL & Shaw JG (2014) Aeromonas Flagella and Colonisation Mechanisms, 203-256.
Hadi N, Yang Q, Barnett TC, Tabei SMB, Kirov SM & Shaw JG (2012) Bundle-forming pilus locus of Aeromonas veronii bv. Sobria.. Infect Immun, 80(4), 1351-1360.
Parker JL, Day-Williams MJ, Tomas JM, Stafford GP & Shaw JG (2012) Identification of a putative glycosyltransferase responsible for the transfer of pseudaminic acid onto the polar flagellin of Aeromonas caviae Sch3N. MicrobiologyOpen, 1, 149-160. View this article in WRRO
Wilhelms M, Molero R, Shaw JG, Tomas JM & Merino S (2011) Transcriptional Hierarchy of Aeromonas hydrophila Polar-Flagellum Genes. J BACTERIOL, 193(19), 5179-5190.
Parker JL & Shaw JG (2011) Aeromonas spp. clinical microbiology and disease.. J Infect, 62(2), 109-118.
Marteyn B, West NP, Browning DF, Cole JA, Shaw JG, Palm F, Mounier J, Prevost MC, Sansonetti P & Tang CM (2010) Modulation of Shigella virulence in response to available oxygen in vivo. NATURE, 465(7296), 355-U113.
Wilhelms M, Vilches S, Molero R, Shaw JG, Tomas JM & Merino S (2009) Two Redundant Sodium-Driven Stator Motor Proteins Are Involved in Aeromonas hydrophila Polar Flagellum Rotation. J BACTERIOL, 191(7), 2206-2217.
Tabei SMB, Hitchen PG, Day-Williams MJ, Merino S, Vart R, Pang P-C, Horsburgh GJ, Viches S, Wilhelms M, Tomás JM , Dell A et al (2009) An Aeromonas caviae genomic island is required for both O-antigen lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and flagellin glycosylation.. J Bacteriol, 191(8), 2851-2863.
Shalom G, Shaw JG & Thomas MS (2007) In vivo expression technology identifies a type VI secretion system locus in Burkholderia pseudomallei that is induced upon invasion of macrophages.. Microbiology, 153(Pt 8), 2689-2699.
Canals R, Vilches S, Wilhelms M, Shaw JG, Merino S & Tomas JM (2007) Non-structural flagella genes affecting both polar and lateral flagella-mediated motility in Aeromonas hydrophila. MICROBIOL-SGM, 153, 1165-1175.
Exley RM, Wu H, Shaw J, Schneider MC, Smith H, Jerse AE & Tang CM (2007) Lactate acquisition promotes successful colonization of the murine genital tract by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. INFECT IMMUN, 75(3), 1318-1324.
Seshadri R, Joseph SW, Chopra AK, Sha J, Shaw J, Graf J, Haft D, Wu M, Ren QH, Rosovitz MJ , Madupu R et al (2006) Genome sequence of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966(T): Jack of all trades. J BACTERIOL, 188(23), 8272-8282.
Merino S, Shaw JG & Tomas JM (2006) Bacterial lateral flagella: an inducible flagella system. FEMS MICROBIOL LETT, 263(2), 127-135.
Canals R, Ramirez S, Vilches S, Horsburgh G, Shaw JG, Tomas JM & Merino S (2006) Polar flagellum biogenesis in Aeromonas hydrophila (vol 188, pg 542, 2006). J BACTERIOL, 188(8), 3166-3166.
Canals R, Altarriba M, Vilches S, Horsburgh G, Shaw JG, Tomas JM & Merino S (2006) Analysis of the lateral flagellar gene system of Aeromonas hydrophila AH-3 (vol 188, pg 852, 2006). J BACTERIOL, 188(8), 3167-3167.
Canals R, Altarriba M, Vilches S, Horsburgh G, Shaw JG, Tomas JM & Merino S (2006) Analysis of the lateral flagellar gene system of Aeromonas hydrophila AH-3. J BACTERIOL, 188(3), 852-862.
Canals R, Ramirez S, Vilches S, Horsburgh G, Shaw JG, Tomas JA & Merino S (2006) Polar flagellum biogenesis in Aeromonas hydrophila. J BACTERIOL, 188(2), 542-555.
Rock JD, Mahnane MR, Anjum MF, Shaw JG, Read RC & Moir JWB (2005) The pathogen Neisseria meningitidis requires oxygen, but supplements growth by denitrification. Nitrite, nitric oxide and oxygen control respiratory flux at genetic and metabolic levels. MOL MICROBIOL, 58(3), 800-809. View this article in WRRO
Exley RM, Goodwin L, Mowe E, Shaw J, Smith H, Read RC & Tang CM (2005) Neisseria meningitidis lactate permease is required for nasopharyngeal colonization. INFECT IMMUN, 73(9), 5762-5766.
Exley RM, Shaw J, Mowe E, Sun YH, West NP, Williamson M, Botto M, Smith H & Tang CM (2005) Available carbon source influences the resistance of Neisseria meningitidis against complement. J EXP MED, 201(10), 1637-1645. View this article in WRRO
Kirov SM, Castrisios M & Shaw JG (2004) Aeromonas flagella (polar and lateral) are enterocyte adhesins that contribute to biofilm formation on surfaces. INFECT IMMUN, 72(4), 1939-1945.
Subsin B, Thomas MS, Katzenmeier G, Shaw JG, Tungpradabkul S & Kunakorn M (2003) Role of the stationary growth phase sigma factor RpoS of Burkholderia pseudomallei in response to physiological stress conditions. J BACTERIOL, 185(23), 7008-7014.
Gavin R, Merino S, Altarriba M, Canals R, Shaw JG & Tomas JM (2003) Lateral flagella are required for increased cell adherence, invasion and biofilm formation by Aeromonas spp.. FEMS MICROBIOL LETT, 224(1), 77-83.
Altarriba M, Merino S, Gavin R, Canals R, Rabaan A, Shaw JG & Tomas JM (2003) A polar flagella operon (flg) of Aeromonas hydrophila contains genes required for lateral flagella expression. MICROB PATHOGENESIS, 34(5), 249-259.
Merino S, Gavin R, Vilches S, Shaw JG & Tomas JM (2003) A colonization factor (Production of lateral flagella) of mesophilic Aeromonas spp. is inactive in Aeromonas salmonicida strains. APPL ENVIRON MICROB, 69(1), 663-667.
Kirov SM, Tassell BC, Semmler ABT, O'Donovan LA, Rabaan AA & Shaw JG (2002) Lateral flagella and swarming motility in Aeromonas species. J BACTERIOL, 184(2), 547-555.
Gavin R, Rabaan AA, Merino S, Tomas JM, Gryllos I & Shaw JG (2002) Lateral flagella of Aeromonas species are essential for epithelial cell adherence and biofilm formation. MOL MICROBIOL, 43(2), 383-397.
Rabaan AA, Gryllos I, Tomás JM & Shaw JG (2001) Motility and the polar flagellum are required for Aeromonas caviae adherence to HEp-2 cells.. Infect Immun, 69(7), 4257-4267.
Leighton MP, Kelly DJ, Williamson MP & Shaw JG (2001) An NMR and enzyme study of the carbon metabolism of Neisseria meningitidis.. Microbiology, 147(Pt 6), 1473-1482.
Lowe CA, Asghar AH, Shalom G, Shaw JG & Thomas MS (2001) The Burkholderia cepacia fur gene: co-localization with omlA and absence of regulation by iron.. Microbiology, 147(Pt 5), 1303-1314.
Gryllos I, Shaw JG, Gavín R, Merino S & Tomás JM (2001) Role of flm locus in mesophilic Aeromonas species adherence.. Infect Immun, 69(1), 65-74.
Shalom G, Shaw JG & Thomas MS (2000) pGSTp: an IVET-compatible promoter probe vector conferring resistance to trimethoprim.. Biotechniques, 29(5), 954-958.
Thornley JP, Shaw JG, Gryllos IA & Eley A (1997) Virulence properties of clinically significant Aeromonas species: Evidence for pathogenicity. REV MED MICROBIOL, 8(2), 61-72.
Thornley JP, Shaw JG, Gryllos IA & Eley A (1996) Adherence of Aeromonas caviae to human cell lines Hep-2 and Caco-2.. J Med Microbiol, 45(6), 445-451.
Eley A, Shaw JG, Thornley JP & Geary I (1996) Isolation and initial identification of adherence-related extracellular appendages in Aeromonas caviae. MED MICROBIOL LETT, 5(1), 40-45.
THORNLEY JP, SHAW JG, GRYLLOS IA & ELEY A (1995) CELL-LINE ADHESION AND HEMAGGLUTINATION OF AEROMONAS-CAVIAE CLINICAL ISOLATES. MED MICROBIOL LETT, 4(6), 316-323.
SHAW JG, THORNLEY JP, PALMER I & GEARY I (1995) INVASION OF TISSUE-CULTURE CELLS BY AEROMONAS-CAVIAE. MED MICROBIOL LETT, 4(6), 324-331.
Thornley JP, Eley A, Shaw JG & Neves MS (1994) Aeromonas caviae exhibits aggregative adherence to HEp-2 cells [5]. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 32(10), 2631-2632.
FORD I, DOUGLAS CWI, SHAW J, HAMPTON KK & PRESTON FE (1993) THE INTERACTION BETWEEN BACTERIAL-CELLS AND A PLASMA COMPONENT IS AN ESSENTIAL STEP IN THE PLATELET-AGGREGATION RESPONSE TO STREPTOCOCCUS-SANGUIS. THROMB HAEMOSTASIS, 69(6), 909-909.
Hamblin MJ, Shaw JG & Kelly DJ (1993) Sequence analysis and interposon mutagenesis of a sensor-kinase (DctS) and response-regulator (DctR) controlling synthesis of the high-affinity C4-dicarboxylate transport system in Rhodobacter capsulatus.. Mol Gen Genet, 237(1-2), 215-224.
Walmsley AR, Shaw JG & Kelly DJ (1992) Perturbation of the equilibrium between open and closed conformations of the periplasmic C4-dicarboxylate binding protein from Rhodobacter capsulatus.. Biochemistry, 31(45), 11175-11181.
Walmsley AR, Shaw JG & Kelly DJ (1992) The mechanism of ligand binding to the periplasmic C4-dicarboxylate binding protein (DctP) from Rhodobacter capsulatus.. J Biol Chem, 267(12), 8064-8072.
Shaw JG, Hamblin MJ & Kelly DJ (1991) Purification, characterization and nucleotide sequence of the periplasmic C4-dicarboxylate-binding protein (DctP) from Rhodobacter capsulatus.. Mol Microbiol, 5(12), 3055-3062.
SHAW JG & KELLY DJ (1991) BINDING-PROTEIN DEPENDENT TRANSPORT OF C4-DICARBOXYLATES IN RHODOBACTER-CAPSULATUS. ARCH MICROBIOL, 155(5), 466-472.
Hamblin MJ, Shaw JG, Curson JP & Kelly DJ (1990) Mutagenesis, cloning and complementation analysis of C4-dicarboxylate transport genes from Rhodobacter capsulatus.. Mol Microbiol, 4(9), 1567-1574.
Vasey B, Nagendran M, Campbell B, Clifton DA, Collins GS, Denaxas S, Denniston AK, Faes L, Geerts B, Ibrahim M , Liu X et al () Publisher Correction: Reporting guideline for the early-stage clinical evaluation of decision support systems driven by artificial intelligence: DECIDE-AI. Nature Medicine.
Shaw JG, Thornley J & Eley A () Adherence and invasion of Aeromonas caviae to monolayer cells.. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 412, 217-219.

Chapters

Shaw JG & Parker J (2015) Aeromonad antigenic structures In Graf J (Ed.), Aeromonas (pp. 117-137). Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic Press.
Kelly DJ, Hamblin MJ & Shaw JG (1990) Physiology and genetics of C4-dicarboxylate transport in Rhodobacter capsulatus, Molecular Biology of Membrane Bound complexes in Phototrophic bacteria (pp. 453-462). Plenum Press

Conference proceedings papers

Bull EH, Bardhan KD & Shaw JG (2007) Lareal flagella regulation of the enteropathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. Gastroenterology, Vol. 132(4) (pp A712-A713)
Bull EH, Bardhan KD & Shaw JG (2007) Lateral flagella regulation of the enteropathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. GASTROENTEROLOGY, Vol. 132(4) (pp A712-A713)
Horsburgh GJ, Clark S, Kirov SM & Shaw J (2003) Regulation of the lateral flagella colonisation systemof Aeromonas caviae. FEMS Congress of European Microbiologists, Vol. 1 (pp 450-450)
Shaw JG (1997) Cromps fimbriae and flagella: the quest for the adhesins of Aeromonas. Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol. 46 (pp 1047-1048)
Thornley JP, Naz SM, Eley A & Faulkner M (1994) Investigations into adherence mechanisms of Aeromonas caviae. Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol. 41 (pp 277-277)
Thornley JP, Naz SM, Eley A & Shaw J (1994) Adherence and haemagglutination of Aeromonas caviae. Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol. 41 (pp 277-277)
Ford I, Douglas CWI, Shaw J, Hampton K & Preston FE (1993) The interaction between bacterialcells and a plasma component is an essentila step in the platelet aggregation response to Streptococcus sanguis. Thrombosis and haemostasis, Vol. 69 (pp 909-909)

Preprints

Maldonado-Arriaga B, Sandoval-Jiménez S, Rodríguez-Silverio J, Alcaráz- Estrada SL, Cortés-Espinosa T, Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca R, Shaw J, Mondragón-Terán P, Hernández-Cortez C, Suárez-Cuenca JA & Castro-Escarpulli G () Patient knowledge of fecal calprotectin in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): An observational study in Mexico.
Maldonado-Arriaga B, Sandoval-Jimenez S, Rodríguez-Silverio JR-S, Alcaráz-Estrada SL, Cortés-Espinosa T, Vaca RP-CD, Licona-Cassani C, Gámez-Valdez JS, Shaw J, Mondragón-Terán P , Hernández-Cortez C et al () Gut Dysbiosis Is Related With Activity And Remission Phases Of Ulcerative Colitis And Healthy Condition, Research Square Platform LLC.

Teaching interests: I am heavily involved in the M.Sc. in Molecular Medicine, M.Sc. Genomic Medicine, and I also teach on the Medicine, Dental, M.Sc Antimicrobial resistance and Orthoptics courses.

Professional activities and memberships

I was previously on the Prokaryotic Division of the Microbiology Society (UK) and on the editorial board of the journal Microbiology for eight years.

I am currently an associate editor for MicrobiologyOpen, Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology and the journal Virulence.