TY  - JOUR

T1  - Instantaneous torque estimation in sensorless direct-torque-controlled brushless DC motors

JO  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications

PY  - 2006/06/09

AU  - Liu Y

AU  - Zhu ZQ

AU  - Howe D

ED  - 

DO  - DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2006.880854

VL  - 42

IS  - 5

SP  - 1275

EP  - 1283

Y2  - 2025/11/14

ER  -