@article{article, title  = {{An efficient bilevel differential evolution algorithm with adaptation of lower level population size and search radius}},

 publisher = {{Springer Nature}},

 url = {{}},

 year = {{2021}},

 month = {{5}},

 author = {{Wu L and Liu Z and Wei H-L and Wang R}},

 doi = {{10.1007/s12293-021-00335-8}},

 volume = {{13}},

 journal = {{Memetic Computing}},

 issue = {{2}},

 pages = {{227-247}},

 note = {{Accessed on 2025/10/31}}}