@misc{misc, title  = {{Resilience and Vulnerability to Misinformation and Disinformation in Political Information Environments: A Comparative Review of Ten Indexes}},

 publisher = {{International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE)}},

 url = {{https://doi.org/10.61452/mbpe3349 }},

 year = {{2026}},

 month = {{6}},

 author = {{Esser F and Solis JA and Chan M and van Aelst P and Madrid-Morales D and Bosch T and Botan M and Humprect E and Labarre J and Santini RM and Schulz A et al}},

 doi = {{10.61452/mbpe3349}},

 note = {{Accessed on 2026/08/03}}}