Biological Sciences BSc
2025-26 entryOur flexible BSc lets you tailor your degree to your interests and career goals. Study across the full extent of biology, from organisms and the environment, to biomedicine, human health and the molecular biosciences, ultimately putting your skills and knowledge into practice in the lab and field.
Key details
- A Levels AAB
Other entry requirements - UCAS code C100
- 3 years / Full-time
- September start
- Find out the course fee
- Optional placement year
- Study abroad
Explore this course:
Course description
Why study this course?
The Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2021 rated 98% of research and impact from the School of Biosciences as world-leading or internationally excellent.
Enjoy the freedom to take a broad approach, or choose the topics you want to study across the breadth of biology.
Complete research on cancer and ageing in partnership with the Sheffield Teaching Hospitals.
We have world leading facilities to investigate climate change, understand the structure and function of DNA and proteins, and explore the dynamics of populations and biodiversity.
On top of scheduled practicals, you get opportunities to participate in an extended laboratory or field course in the UK or abroad, and in your third year, do a capstone research project.
Study the full extent of biological sciences, tackling global challenges such as the biodiversity crisis, antibiotic resistance, and cancer. Discover a broad and vibrant spectrum of study across all scales of biological systems.
From year one, you can begin to shape your own path - choosing to specialise or maintain a broad approach - from organisms and the environment, to biomedicine, human health and the molecular biosciences.
At Sheffield, you’ll be encouraged to be creative, think independently, and express your ideas. You can contribute to work on cancer and ageing in conjunction with the Sheffield Teaching Hospitals. Or you might choose to do field research projects in the Peak District National Park, or travel for a field course in the UK or abroad.
As you progress through your degree, you’ll have the option to specialise in aspects of human biology, molecular biology, biotechnology, biodiversity or sustainability. You’ll have the chance to carry out your own research projects in the lab and the field, where you can use the latest equipment to get hands-on experience.
Modules
UCAS code: C100
Years: 2023, 2024
In your first year you'll spend your first week conducting a biology project, learning how we do science in Sheffield and getting to know your fellow students. Throughout the year, you’ll maintain a broad overview of bioscience whilst studying topics of your choice such as biodiversity, sustainability and climate change, cell and molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry, and biomedicine, human health and disease. You'll also develop practical skills in the lab, ranging from microscopy, electrophysiology and DNA analyses, to regular field trips to zoos, aquariums and nature reserves, depending on the modules you choose. You'll have lectures and take part in small group tutorials where you'll enhance your writing, data analysis and presentation skills, develop employability skills and learn about the latest research findings from our world-leading academics.
Core modules:
- Skills in Biology
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The Skills for Biology module introduces students to the fundamentals of scientific practice: lab practical skills, experimental design, information technology, data visualisation and analysis, writing and presentation skills, skills reflection, professionalism and career development.
30 credits - Skills in Molecular Bioscience
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The Skills in Molecular Biosciences module introduces students to the fundamentals of scientific practice: lab practical skills, experimental design, information technology, data visualisation and analysis, writing and presentation skills, skills reflection, professionalism and career development.
30 credits
Optional modules:
A student will take a minimum of 10 and a maximum of 20 credits from this group.
- Principles of Evolution
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This course is an introduction to the core concepts of evolutionary biology and presents evolution as the central unifying theme of modern biology. Students will examine evolutionary patterns throughout earth history from the geological past to the present, and investigate evolutionary mechanisms of selection, adaptation and the origin of species. Concepts and examples will be introduced in lectures and videos, students will then develop their understanding through practical sessions, quizzes, and independent study.
10 credits - Evolution
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This course is an introduction to evolution as the central unifying theme of modern biology. Students will examine evolutionary patterns from the geological past to the present, and investigate evolutionary mechanisms of selection, adaptation and the origin of species. They will be introduced to the approaches used to study evolution including classical population and quantitative genetics, phylogenetic trees, and the fossil record. Students will learn through lectures, videos, practical sessions, quizzes, and independent study.
20 credits
A student will take a minimum of 10 and a maximum of 20 credits from this group.
- Molecular Biology
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This module provides an introduction to the fundamental molecular processes that occur in the cells of living organisms that allow the storage, expression and inheritance of genetic information. The molecular mechanisms by which the chemical form of genetic information is copied and how genes can be switched on and off will then be addressed, together with an overview of how scientists have harnessed molecular biology tools for experimental purposes. Concepts and examples will be introduced in lectures and online teaching materials provided; students will then develop their understanding through practical sessions and independent study.
10 credits - Molecular and Cell Biology
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This module considers the fundamental processes at the heart of all life on this planet. Students will learn about the basic molecular processes that enable cells to store and use genetic information to make proteins, as well as the mechanisms that allow cell growth, division, and ultimately cell death. Learning materials will be delivered through a combination of lectures, videos, practical classes and independent study.
20 credits
A student will take a minimum of 50 and a maximum of 70 credits from this group.
Students can also select 10 credits from Languages for All modules.
- Zoology
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This course is an introduction to the scientific study of animals. Students will explore the wonders of the animal kingdom through investigations of the physiology, reproduction, development, form and function of a wide diversity of both invertebrates and vertebrates. Students will learn through lectures and videos, practicals and independent study.
20 credits - Climate Change and Sustainability
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This course introduces the core scientific issues required to understand climate change and sustainability. Students will learn the causes of climate change, its impacts in natural and agricultural ecosystems, the influence of biogeochemical cycles in these ecosystems on climate, and strategies for sustainably managing ecosystems in future. Learning will be achieved via lectures and videos, practicals and independent study.
20 credits - Animal Behaviour
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This unit will provide an introduction to behaviour, focussing on the four fundamental questions: (i) the evolution of behaviour; (ii) the function of behaviour, (iii) the ontogeny of behaviour and (iv) the causation (or mechanisms) of behaviour. The course will introduce the major concepts and information on specific topics, including sexual behaviour, foraging behaviour and social behaviour in humans and non-humans. A central theme will be the extent to which animal behaviour can inform us about human behaviour and in particular the similarities and differences between the evolutionary approach to animal behaviour and evolutionary psychology.
10 credits - Introduction to Physiology with Pharmacology
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This module aims to provide students with an introduction to human physiology and pharmacology. It will introduce the fundamental physiological principles that govern the functioning of all cells and tissues within the body. The physiology of normal bodily functions will be explained using a systems-based approach which encourages students' to integrate their understanding of events at a molecular and cellular level with the structure and function of tissues and whole organs. It will examine how these normal bodily functions are affected by disease and drugs, with examples of how model organisms can inform this understanding. It will also provide an opportunity to perform and interpret physiological measurements, giving students hands-on experience of the experimental methods that they will be learning about in lectures.
20 credits - Fundamental Maths for Bioscientists
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Proficiency in basic calculations is essential for all scientists. In this module, designed for first-year students in the School of Biosciences who have not studied maths to A-level or equivalent, we will develop the mathematical skills needed to excel as a biologist. Using video tutorials, worksheets, and in-person workshop sessions, students will have the opportunity to build their skills and confidence and develop strategies to tackle complex calculations. Topics covered include arithmetic; concentrations, dilutions and molarity; logarithms; equations and functions; graphical representation of data and descriptive statistics; and probability.
10 credits - Biochemistry 1
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This module provides a broad introduction to Biochemistry and examines the molecules that carry out and control all the chemical reactions in biological cells. The basic chemical concepts underlying the structures, functions and mechanisms of action of biomolecules.
20 credits - Plant Science
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This course is an introduction to the scientific study of plants and associated organisms. Students will explore plant origin, diversity, form, reproduction and development, photosynthesis, nutrient and water acquisition, as well as interactions with symbiotic and pathogenic microbes. Students will learn through lectures and videos, practicals and independent study.
20 credits - Ecology and Conservation
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This module is an introduction to the principles of ecology and conservation. It covers ecological concepts about the factors controlling the abundance and distribution of species, coexistence and biodiversity at multiple geographic scales. It combines these concept lectures with key topical lectures about tropical and marine conservation centred on populations, biodiversity and habitats. The module includes lectures, a lab practical, an introduction to computer modelling for conservation biology and a field trip to Potteric Carr, a Yorkshire Wildlife Trust reserve where you'll put theory into practice by collecting data to evaluate some of the ideas you've learned in class.
20 credits - Introduction to Neuroscience
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This module aims to provide students with an introduction to neuroscience. It will introduce the fundamental principles of cellular and molecular neuroscience that govern neuronal excitability and neurotransmission. Building on these principles, it will introduce theories relating to how sensory information is processed, and how motor output and aspects of behaviour are controlled by the central nervous system. How the normal functioning of the nervous system is affected by disease and drugs will be examined. It will also provide an opportunity to perform neuroscience experiments and interpret the data. Although focussed on the understanding of human neuroscience, the module will demonstrate how the study of model organisms has contributed to this understanding.
20 credits - Introductory Developmental, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology
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This module aims to provide students with a general introduction to Developmental, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology. The approach will be concept-based, with an emphasis on the importance of techniques and the interpretation of experimental data. Topics covered include life cycles of the main animal model systems, how cell differences are generated during development, the basic principles of regenerative biology and wound healing as well as stem cell biology. Teaching will take place in a formal lecture environment, supplemented by online tutorials. Assessment will be by formal examination.
10 credits - Microbiology 1
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This course is an introduction to the field of microbiology. Students will explore the diversity of microorganisms including Bacteria, Archaea, unicellular Eukaryotes and viruses. They will examine the diversity of the structure and the function of these microorganisms, emphasising the fundamental role that they play in our everyday lives by using examples in medicine and biotechnology.
20 credits - Genetics 1
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This course is an introduction to the principles of genetics. Students will explore the genetics of pro- and eukaryotes by studying the mechanisms of gene transmission, genetic exchange, mutations and gene mapping. Additional topics are the genetic basis of diseases, prenatal diagnosis, genetic counselling, gene therapy and genetic basis of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Students will learn through lectures and videos and independent study.
10 credits - Ecological identification skills
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This module is aimed at providing an initial training in the identification and research skills needed for ecological fieldwork. It involves a structured prgramme of online identification and research assignments over the academic year, with practical examination at the end of the semester. The course will develop familiarity with using identification guides, with a range of plant and invertebrate groups and the ecological issues associated with them. It will prepare students for fieldcourses and other practical work.
10 credits
In your second year, you’ll build on your new skills and knowledge covering more advanced scientific topics and techniques and you can start to specialise on the subject areas that you’re really passionate about. All of our biology students receive training in modern data analysis techniques and communication. Some students choose to take our science communication module where you'll get the chance to make your own factual science documentaries, with support and advice from professional filmmakers. Others choose to study our teaching and outreach module.
Core modules:
- Skills in Biology II
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This module develops students' appreciation of and aptitude in the scientific method, practical research skills, experimental design, information technology, data visualisation and analysis, critical evaluation, writing and presentation skills, and how science underpins innovative solutions to societal or commercial challenges. The module builds on skills developed in L1. In the autumn semester students will perform a small research project and have the opportunity to further develop their research skills in the spring semester. Students will develop skills in data visualisation and statistics with additional training and through reports on research projects. Students will develop their academic writing skills by preparing essays and lab reports and develop additional scientific communication, such as oral presentation and poster writing skills. This module develops employability skills via interview training, LinkedIn profile writing (or equivalent), and reflection on career choice and skill development.
30 credits - Skills in Molecular Biology II
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This module develops students' appreciation of and aptitude in the scientific method, practical research skills, experimental design, information technology, data visualisation and analysis, critical evaluation, writing and presentation skills, and how science underpins innovative solutions to societal or commercial challenges. The module builds on skills developed in L1. In the autumn semester students will perform a small research project and have the opportunity to further develop their research skills in the spring semester. Students will develop skills in data visualisation and statistics with additional training and through reports on research projects. Students will develop their academic writing skills by preparing essays and lab reports and develop additional scientific communication, such as oral presentation and poster writing skills. This module develops employability skills via interview training, LinkedIn profile writing (or equivalent), and reflection on career choice and skill development.
30 credits
Optional modules:
A student will take up to 10 credits from this group.
- Biological Field Skills
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Field research is an essential component of the biological sciences. Students will work in one of the world's major ecosystem types for example the Arctic, Mediterranean or urban ecosystems. Students will explore the different habitats of the focal ecosystem, and learn how to: i) identify key elements of the flora and/or fauna, ii) conduct ecological studies giving appropriate consideration to ecological research methods and experimental design, including survey site selection, replication, and survey sampling approaches. Students will conduct a series of field exercises and mini-research projects with guidance from teaching staff.
10 credits - Talking the Talk: Getting science on Film
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This intensive, week-long module (run during the Easter vacation with several preparatory sessions taking place beforehand in Semester 2) covers an introduction to science communication using the medium of video- making.
10 credits
The focus will be to turn technical scientific information into a form accessible to multiple audiences, working within the confines of a brief. A key feature will be developing a project as a group: recognising strengths and appropriate division of labour to implement innovative ideas. Individually, it will develop strengths in presenting ideas and technical skills in shooting footage and editing. The module will be delivered in collaboration with staff from the University of Sheffield Creative Media Team and industry professionals.
A student will take a minimum of 80 and a maximum of 90 credits from this group.
Students can also select 10 credits from Languages for All modules.
- Invertebrates
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This module will explore the major invertebrate phyla. It will discuss their structure and how this is related to function and way of life. The major invertebrate groups will be considered including the sponges, cnidarians, worms, molluscs, arthropods, echinoderms, hemichordates and invertebrate chordates. The unique features of each of the invertebrate groups will be examined, with the emphasis on evolutionary relationships, development, behaviour, ecology and natural history.
20 credits
The module comprises lectures and self-directed practical tasks (in the the field and in the laboratory). Students will create and maintain a detailed zoological field book and a lab book. The practical element of the module is designed to give students an opportunity to develop the knowledge and skills that will allow them to identify invertebrates, use a biological key and identify animals in the field as well as understand more about their physiology and behaviour. - Genes, genomes and chromosomes
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This module directly builds on material delivered in MBB11003 and aims to provide a clear understanding of how genomes are organised within cells and how the expression of specific genes can be regulated. The topics covered in the module include experimental approaches to address the function of specific genes, mechanisms of regulated gene expression, DNA repair and recombination pathways, chromosome structure, genome sequencing technologies and the analysis of sequence data to study protein/DNA interactions, chromosome interactions and DNa methylation patterns .
20 credits - Biostructures, Energetics and Synthesis
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This module aims to refresh students' understanding of the structures and functions of proteins and how free energy is made available (transduced) from reduced organic carbon compounds (catabolism) to generate ATP and NADPH for biosynthetic metabolism (anabolism). We begin by taking another look at key catabolic pathways in the cell including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and mitochondrial electron transfer; before considering fatty acid β-oxidation and the pentose phosphate pathway. We then explore how amino acids and nucleotides, the building blocks of life, are synthesised. This leads on to a study of the nature of biological membranes and the main functions of membranes in cells, including the transduction of energy, nerve transmission and signalling. We then focus on the structure and function of membrane proteins, highlighting their key role in transport of proteins, small molecules and ions across biological membranes. Finally, we come full circle highlighting how solar energy entering the biosphere is harvested by chlorophyll pigments and transferred to specialised reaction centres to initiate photosynthetic electron transfer. We show how photosynthesis converts solar energy into ATP and NADPH, utilising the same redox chemistry and chemiosmotic principles that underlie respiration, and then uses these metabolites to power the fixation of CO2 into reduced organic carbon compounds.
20 credits - Pharmacology
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Pharmacology is focused on advancing our understanding of what drugs do to living systems, and how their effects can be applied to therapeutics. The module begins with a focus on fundamental principles underpinning drug action at the cellular level, including a detailed examination of the different types of drug receptor interactions and the quantitative methods used to assess them. This will be followed by an introduction to pharmacokinetics and the factors that regulate drug concentration in the body. Key considerations in drug discovery and the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of human diseases will also be discussed, including examination of the safety assessments that must be carried out and different stages of clinical trials. Theoretical lectures will be complemented with detailed descriptions of old and new anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat common ailments. The module ends with an in-depth discussion of drugs used in the treatment of common disorders of the central nervous system, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. As well as traditional didactic lectures, active learning sessions will be employed to consolidate knowledge and understanding of key pharmacological principles.
10 credits - Conservation Principles and Realities
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This module introduces students to conservation biology as a scientific but inter-disciplinary subject. Module content discusses conservation objectives, key tools, underlying concepts and principles, and approaches to devising management solutions to reduce adverse impacts of human activity on biodiversity. We use case studies and examples from a wide range of terrestrial and marine ecosystems in tropical and temperate environments, including the UK. Teaching methods focus on lectures and interactive practical sessions. Assessment is via a multiple choice exam 50% (to test breadth of knowledge across the module) and a coursework essay 50% (to test depth of knowledge).
20 credits - Evolutionary Biology
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This module will provide insights into major concepts in evolutionary biology, illustrated with a wide range of examples that cut across taxa. The course will cover the origins of variation, adaptation, and natural selection, and discuss how various evolutionary forces affect the evolution of genes, genomes, populations and species. Through a mixture of lectures and practical classes students will learn about new technologies that are revolutionising our understanding of evolution, and will acquire skills in analysing genomes and phenotypes in order to identify the locus of selection.
20 credits
This unit aims to provide students with the opportunity to develop an understanding of evolutionary concepts and an appreciation of evolution is crucial to our understanding of biology. This module will:- Provide an understanding of evolutionary concepts illustrated by appropriate and timely examples.- Show how an appreciation of evolutionary principles is crucial to our understanding of biology.- Demonstrate that evolutionary biology is an active area of research where data and argument support alternative interpretations.
Teaching consists of lectures and interactive practical sessions. Assessment is via a multiple choice exam (to test breadth of knowledge across the module) and a coursework essay (to test depth of knowledge). - Advanced Molecular Cell Biology
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The aim of this module is to provide you with an in-depth understanding of some of the main concepts and problems in molecular cell biology. The module is also designed to emphasize the importance of this field to modern medicine. The module will explore key areas in molecular cell biology including e.g. DNA repair, the cytoskeleton, cell communication, cell signalling and vesicular trafficking in cells. Sessions will incorporate aspects of primary experimental research, and introduce you to the research literature and how this informs our understanding. Topics will also be related to relevant diseases. Teaching will be provided through lectures and practicals. As well as traditional didactic lectures, active learning sessions will be employed to consolidate knowledge and understanding of principles.
20 credits - Developmental Neurobiology
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How is the nervous system built and maintained so that it functions appropriately? This module will equip you with the ability to apply basic principles in developmental biology to nervous system assembly and maintenance. You will examine experimental evidence that reveals the principles underpinning development of the vertebrate nervous system. Emphasis will be placed on understanding core principles gained through analysis of model organisms, emphasising that mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved. You will see how these core principles underpin our ability to understand and manipulate the human nervous system, so that we are better able to understand degeneration and regeneration.
10 credits - Microbiology 2
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This module introduces key concepts in bacterial physiology, genetics, virulence and therapeutics, building on the microbiology topics covered in earlier modules. Topics to be covered in the first half of the module will include aspects of bacterial growth and gene regulation, microbial biodiversity and cellular differentiation, and biotechnology. The module will then move on in the second half to consider both sides of the bacterium-host interaction and the consequences for human health. Using a selection of important human pathogens as examples, the bacterial strategies and virulence factors that contribute to disease will be introduced. The human immune response and the potential of vaccination to protect against disease will then be examined. The targets, mode of action and potential resistance mechanisms of a range of current and potential antimicrobial agents will then be considered. The module will provide opportunities throughout to develop the ability to analyse and interpret microbiological data.
20 credits - Genetics 2
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This module builds upon the introduction to genetics provided by Genetics 1. A range of eukaryotic genetic systems will be considered, including humans and a number of model organisms, ranging from yeasts to Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans,
20 credits
Arabidopsis thaliana and Mus musculus. Topics to be covered include methods for isolating and genetically analysing mutants with specific phenotypes, genetic mapping, extranuclear inheritance, human diseases associated with chromosome abnormalities, ethical considerations associated with genome editing, developmental genetics and genome integrity. Interactive teaching sessions give students opportunities to apply concepts introduced in the lectures to numerical and ethical problems. - Population and Community Ecology
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This module provides an overview of the core theory and principles of population and community ecology. It focuses on essential concepts that underpin estimating when populations will grow or decline, how species coexist, what processes drive biodiversity patterns and how species link to ecosystem function. Students move from understanding factors that influence the growth of populations, to those that determine the composition, stability, resilience and structure of ecological communities and their functions. The course covers a range of processes and species interactions such as density dependence, competition, predation and mutualisms and more applied concepts including how we measure functional versus species diversity, the structure and dynamics of food webs and tropical diversity. The module is delivered via lectures, two assessed computing practicals, two un-assessed computing practicals and four directed discussions of papers central to community ecology.
20 credits - Biochemistry 2
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This module provides an advanced treatment of the biochemical topics introduced in earlier modules, to provide a deep understanding of the underlying chemical principles and molecular interactions governing life in cells. The module begins with a review of the chemical transformations and molecular interactions governing enzyme function. We then study a number of enzyme examples to illustrate common themes arising in enzyme specificity, types of reaction mechanisms and the relationship between protein structure and function. This leads on to study practical methods to experimentally measure enzyme activity. We then take a detailed look at the fundamentals of enzyme and ligand binding kinetics underlying unimolecular and bimolecular irreversible and reversible reactions. We then turn our focus to small molecule drug development, showing how the principles learned earlier in the module can be applied to develop protein or enzyme inhibitors for therapeutic use. The final part of the module develops an understanding of the ways in which kinetic parameters can be used to study reaction mechanisms and how inhibitors and mutants can modulate the activity of enzymes. We also study aspects of protein and enzyme function in practical classes. Overall, the module aims to give students the knowledge required to analyse and interpret biochemical data, plan appropriate experimental assays and to make pre
20 credits - Behavioural Ecology
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This module will introduce behavioural ecology through lectures and a Student Centred Learning Exercise (SCLE). The focus will be on answering questions in behavioural ecology, through testing hypotheses about the adaptive significance of behaviours. The main areas studied will be foraging, reproductive behaviour, mating systems, cooperative breeding and communication. The course will also introduce the use of theory and mathematical modelling (game theory and optimisation modelling). This will involve simple mathematics and the analysis of simple figures and tables showing the costs and benefits of behaviours. The SCLE is based on short research papers on behavioural ecology.
10 credits - Vertebrates
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This module will explore the major vertebrate phyla. It will discuss their structure and how this is related to function and way of life. The major vertebrate groups will be considered including the fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. The unique features of each group will be examined, with the emphasis on evolutionary relationships, development, behaviour, ecology and natural history.The module comprises lectures and practical tasks (in the Alfred Denny Museum and in the field). Students will also create and maintain a detailed zoological notebook. The practical element of the module is designed to give students an opportunity to develop the knowledge and skills that will allow them to assign vertebrates to major taxa, identify animals in the field and observe their behaviour.
20 credits - Physiology of Cells and Systems
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This module covers advanced physiological concepts of cells and systems, building on the physiology covered in the first year. The module starts by reviewing the basic cellular physiology that is critical for the normal function of all cells. These key aspects are then revisited, looking at a range of specific systems within the body. Systems are reviewed from the molecular level up to whole body physiology, with an emphasis on the physiology and pathophysiology of ion channels and transport proteins. Advanced physiology of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is covered, along with a number of pathophysiological conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, hypertension, sudden cardiac death and acid base balance disturbances. The module then reviews the advanced physiology of the nervous and muscular systems, looking at myotonia, ataxia, epilepsy and myasthenia gravis. You will also study the pharmacological approaches used to treat a range of different diseases. Experimental evidence presented in lectures will show you how research approaches can be used to help inform our understanding of disease. The module uses an active learning approach, with interactive classes aimed at consolidating your knowledge and understanding, and developing your skills in problem solving and critical analysis, together with lectures, and practical classes to provide key content and additional skills development in physiology.
20 credits
The module aims to: 1. Provide students with a knowledge of key aspects of cellular physiology.2. Examine advanced systems physiology and pathophysiology, showing the impact of molecular and cellular changes. 3. Review pharmacological treatments of disease. 4. Provide opportunities to develop skills in critical analysis, experimental design and problem solving. - Advanced Developmental Biology
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This module will introduce students to some of the key principles that underpin the formation of a complex multicellular embryo from a single cell, with a particular emphasis on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the production of different cell types and their organization into functional organs. Students will learn about conservation, reiteration and diversification of developmental processes during evolution, and the relevance of animal model studies to gaining an understanding of human development and to recent advances in medicine. Teaching will be provided through a combination of lectures and laboratory classes. As well as traditional didactic lectures, active learning sessions will be employed to consolidate knowledge and understanding of principles.
20 credits - Philosophy and Ethics of Bioscience
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As biological research tackles the many global challenges that confront us today, society and bioscientists are faced with increasingly complex ethical issues. This course will explore a series of current high profile ethical issues in areas such as medicine, agriculture, industry and the environment. In each case ethical concepts will be examined and discussed in the context of the right to privacy, ownership, current regulation and the public understanding of science. This will be underpinned by relevant historical and philosophical considerations.
10 credits
The module comprises lectures, discussions and the writing of blog posts. The latter will be assessed. - Ecosystems and Sustainability in a Changing World
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Human impacts on the world's ecosystems are profound and without precedent in Earth's history. The urgent need to understand the impacts of anthropogenic climate change, land-use change and overexploitation has meant that ecosystem science has become one of the most important biological disciplines. Knowledge developed within this discipline has also become vital for devising strategies in sustainable agriculture. This module will build on the L1 module 'Climate change and sustainability' by exploring human impacts on marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and their feedback on climate change, including those in agricultural ecosystems. It will cover the world's and the UK's major ecosystems, considering fundamental processes operating in the present and the past. In doing so, it will consider the interacting roles of energy, carbon cycling, climate, soils, nutrients, fire and biodiversity. Teaching methods include lectures, alongside a field excursion and interactive practical sessions that develop skills in the ecological analysis of plants and soils, and will reinforce some of the key concepts taught in lectures.
20 credits - Palaeobiology
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The task of palaeobiology is to provide greater integration between palaeontology and biology. This course examines recent developments in the field of palaeobiology, and demonstrates how fossils are used to generate testable theories about pattern in the history of life. This course will begin with 9 lectures outlining modern concepts in palaeobiology, and demonstrated using examples from all aspect of palaeontology, but concentrating on dinosaur palaeobiology. These same principles will then be explored using human evolution as a case study (6 lectures).
10 credits - Biology of Stem Cells, Ageing and Cancer
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This module will allow you to gain in-depth knowledge and understanding of the processes that govern stem cell biology, ageing and cancer. Emphasis will be placed on key concepts linking stem cells, embryonic development and the maintenance/growth of adult body systems. Furthermore, you will gain knowledge of the biological basis of cancer, deepening your understanding on the mechanisms that drive tumour formation.
10 credits - Neural circuits, behaviour and memory
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This module aims to provide you with a broad understanding of neuroscience. You will cover areas such as neurophysiology, molecular biology, model organisms and simple behaviours. The topics covered will add to your knowledge and understanding from first year, putting in place a more advanced understanding of the concepts needed to support the more complex topics concerning higher brain function, behaviour, biological psychiatry and neurodegenerative disease.
10 credits
You’ll have the opportunity to start your third year with an intensive field course in the UK or overseas, or an intensive lab course. These give you a flavour of what it’s like to be a full-time research biologist. Alongside your chosen modules from across the breadth of bioscience, this year you'll also complete a research project and dissertation in an area of biology that interests you. The dissertation offers a flexible opportunity to develop an advanced understanding of a chosen topic and you can choose to do a lab, field or computer based project. Whether you’ve focused on organisms and the environment, biomedicine or molecular bioscience during your degree, your project will be conducted under the supervision of one of our world experts. You’ll work in a small group to define questions, develop experimental protocols, conduct the research, analyse the data and ultimately produce a written report in the form of a scientific publication
Core modules:
- Literature Review
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In this module students will consolidate the skills and knowledge they have gained in earlier levels of study. They will work individually, guided by a member of staff, to identify a key biological question and will address this through a comprehensive literature review. Students will synthesise information to explore the current state of knowledge, critically evaluate areas of uncertainty and debate, and suggest ways that the field may progress in the future. They will present their findings in the format of a review paper.
20 credits - Research Project
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In this module students will consolidate the skills and knowledge they have gained in earlier levels of study and apply these during a capstone research experience. A range of project types will be available, including laboratory-based, field-based, bioinformatics, computer modelling, education, and science communication. Students will work in groups, guided by a member of staff, to plan a research project, assess health, safety and ethical considerations, undertake the research, and analyse the data. Students will then work individually on interpreting, evaluating and communicating their findings via a formal report written in the style of a research publication.
30 credits
Optional modules:
A student will take up to 20 credits from this group.
- Biological Laboratory Research
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Molecular biology and genomics underpin many branches of biology in the 21st century. Diverse methods can be used to address a variety of questions. The aim of this module is to give students hands on experience with using a number of basic molecular biology protocols and/or genomics techniques to test specific hypotheses. The module will be delivered primarily as an intensive one week long laboratory/IT course with assessment in the form of student engagement (evidenced partly through a lab book and/or computational scripts), a group presentation and a report written in the style of a scientific paper.
20 credits - Biological Field Research
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Field research is an essential component of the biological sciences. The module starts prior to entering the field, with students considering risk assessments and preparing talks on the concepts to be studied. Students will then enter one of a range of environments, which may include inter alia the Peak District, North Wales, Portugal or Borneo. Following a period of familiarisation with the habitat and wildlife, students will identify a biological question, design a field research study, collect observational data, design and carry out experiments, analyse data and present their findings in a series of talks. On returning from the field, students will develop their writing and analytical skills and prepare a report on their field projects. The module will develop skills in specific areas of the biological sciences, such as tropical ecology and conservation, behavioural ecology, population and community ecology, and coastal and marine ecology.
20 credits
A student will take a minimum of 50 and a maximum of 70 credits from this group.
- Conservation Issues and Management
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This module will provide the opportunity for students to develop: (i) their knowledge of topical issues in conservation; (ii) their ability to identify potential solutions to real-world conservation problems and assess the likely effectiveness of these; (iii) their skills in accessing, interpreting, and synthesising the primary scientific literature in the field of conservation; and (iv) their ability to think independently. This will be achieved by introducing students, through lectures and independent reading, to a range of topical issues in conservation science, by showing how research can inform understanding of these issues and how applied measures can mitigate these conservation problems. Students will then apply their learning by developing an essay spanning conservation problems and cutting-edge solutions. This is a lecture-based teaching module assessed by an exam essay.
10 credits - Microbial Genomics and Diversity
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Microbial life is of critical importance in human health and disease, in the function of ecosystems and in biotechnology. In this module we will discuss how DNA sequencing and other molecular methods have provided insight into the structure, function and diversity of microbial communities across Earth's environments, underpinned by the varying nature of microbial genomes. Topics include the use of sequencing to identify and characterise unculturable microorganisms (also referred to as 'microbial dark matter'), the dynamic microbial populations of marine and soil environments, horizontal gene transfer and mobile genetic elements. We will also cover the use of genomics to track the spread and evolution of pathogens including Escherichia coli, HIV, Ebola, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), Clostridiodes difficile (C. diff) and Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A).
10 credits - Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems
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This module examines the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems, from the invasion of the land by plants and animals in the Ordovician (475 million years ago) up to the present day. All of the major events will be covered: the origin of land plants; the invasion of the land by invertebrate animals (worms, insects, etc); the first forests; the origin of amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds; beginnings of phtogeographical differentiation; origin of the flowering plants etc. Throughout the course the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems will be considered in light of: (i) the interrelationships between global change and evolving terrestrial ecosystems; (ii) plant-fungal-animal interactions and coevolution.
10 credits - Evolutionary Ecology
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This module will provide insights into major concepts in evolutionary ecology, illustrated with a wide range of examples that cut across taxa. The course will explore the interplay between ecology and evolution with emphasis on the role of ecology in driving phenotypic evolution and divergence on the tree of life, and on the role of evolutionary history as a constraint on species ecology. The module will cover the ecology of adaptive radiations, correlated evolution of species traits, interspecific interactions as drivers of and constraints on biodiversity, and the evolutionary ecology of species communities. Through lectures and in-lecture exercises, students will learn about the range of cutting-edge methods used by evolutionary ecologists to understand phenotypic and species diversity, often through a phylogenetic, or 'tree-thinking' perspective.
10 credits
This unit aims to provide students with the opportunity to develop an understanding of key concepts in evolutionary ecology and an appreciation of the theory that nothing in evolution and ecology makes sense except in the light of each other. This module will:
Provide an understanding of evolutionary ecology theory illustrated by appropriate and timely examples.
Show how an appreciation of evolutionary ecology is crucial to our understanding of the origins and maintenance of biodiversity.
Demonstrate that evolutionary ecology is an active area of research where data and argument support alternative interpretations.
Teaching consists of lectures including interactive workshop sessions. Assessment is via an exam essay to test breadth and depth of knowledge and the ability to synthesise ideas across the module. - Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems
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This module highlights the threats to global sustainability, with a particular focus on food production and ecosystem functioning, being caused by human impacts on the environment. The module considers how we have got into the present unsustainable mess: of poor land and natural resource management, under valuing of farmers, life-threatening soil degradation causing flooding, pollution of fresh water and soil insecurity, as well as large numbers of people overconsuming and wasting food whilst others don't have enough. It shows that how we sustainably manage agro-ecosystems now, and in the immediate future, will determine the fate of humanity. Soils are the foundations of terrestrial ecosystems, food and biofuel production, but are amongst the most badly abused and damaged components of the ecosphere. Climate change, agricultural intensification, biofuels and unsustainable use of fertilizers and fossil fuels pose critical threats to global food production and sustainable agro-ecosystems - and their impacts on soil ecosystems are central to these threats. The module considers soil ecosystems function in nature and the lessons that we can then apply to develop more sustainable agriculture and ecosystem management.
10 credits - Membrane Receptors
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The module will examine the main families of integral membrane proteins that act as surface receptors to sense the extracellular environment and signal this information to produce changes in cell function. Specific emphasis is placed on receptors which are therapeutic targets for the treatment of common human diseases, including allergy and chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer and cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. This module explores the latest concepts and ideas in our understanding of the molecular structure and signalling underpinning membrane receptor function, the experimental approaches used to gain this understanding and ultimately how this knowledge may be used to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of disease. The module is taught by research active academics with a wide spectrum of experience in this field. We will base our teaching around current research and hope you find the material interesting and enjoyable.
10 credits - Molecular Physiology of Ion Channels and Human Disease
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The module will start with an overview of the different ion channel families found in electrically excitable cells, before moving on to their biophysical properties and inhibition by drugs used in medical research. The majority of the module will then focus on the physiological role of ion channels in these cells, examining a number of tissues such as muscle and the nervous system. In this systems based approach students will learn about the molecular physiology of a variety of different ion channels, including Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl- and cation channels. The importance of ion channels in physiological function is highlighted by channelopathies, diseases associated with ion channel mutations. This module will therefore also concentrate on the role of ion channels in a number of these diseases, such as myotonia and long QT syndrome. The emphasis throughout will be to appreciate how experimental research informs our understanding of ion channel physiology, reflecting the University's mission statement to lead teaching by current research.
10 credits - Modelling Human Disease and Dysfunction
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The module will provide students with an understanding of how post-genomic developmental biology impacts on our ability to understand, and treat, chronic disease/dysfunction of the body. Students will be introduced to major experimental systems and approaches that are pertinent to disease modelling. These include genetically-tractable animal model and in vitro cellular systems (including stem cells). We will explore the principles involved in how these systems are exploited to develop new strategies for intervention, including new therapeutics. Critical evaluation of research papers will allow students to gain experience of analysing experimental work, data presentation and interpretation of results.
10 credits - Epithelial Physiology in Health and Disease
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This module examines the physiology and pathophysiology of epithelia, drawing on research to evidence how changes in the transport of ions and solutes leads to disease. The majority of the module will focus on a detailed investigation of the molecular basis of epithelial ion secretion and absorption, examining diseases such as cystic fibrosis, and the impact of infections such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Particular emphasis will be placed throughout these lectures on respiratory epithelial cells, although other epithelia will also be discussed. In addition, the controversial problem of water transport will be examined. This will include the importance of transepithelial transport routes and specific membrane transport proteins such as aquaporins and proposed water co-transporters and the role these proteins play in the movement of gases across cell membranes. The emphasis throughout will be to appreciate how experimental research informs our understanding of these issues, reflecting the university's mission statement to lead teaching by current research.
10 credits - Membrane Dynamics in Health and Disease
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Many diseases arise from defects in core machinery associated with cell membrane dynamics. The aim of this module is to understand fundamental aspects of membrane dynamics including endocytosis, constitutive and regulated secretion and autophagy. Using specific diseases as exemplars, we will explore how defects in membrane dynamics at the cellular levels have profound effects on the whole organism. Emphasis will be placed on the experimental evidence that underpins our current models of cell dynamics in health and disease. Informal journal club presentations describing seminal discoveries will be a key component of the module.
10 credits - Neurodevelopment and Behaviour
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This course examines the mechanisms that underlie development of the nervous system during embryogenesis. Examples will be described from a variety of model organisms to introduce key steps in the establishment of the CNS and PNS, steps that include neural induction, neural patterning, early segregation of CNS and PNS, the establishment and refinement of connectivity in the nervous system. Recent research from teachers of this course, and from both the classical and current literature is used to analyse and evaluate theories and mechanisms of establishment of the functional nervous system.
10 credits - Stem Cell Biology
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This unit aims to provide students with an in-depth account of stem cell biology and their application to regenerative medicine. Special reference will be made to the molecular and genetic control of cell fate specification and differentiation. Consideration will be given to existing and potential clinical use of stem cells and their derivatives, and the ethical issues that these raise. As this is a rapidly developing field, strong emphasis will be placed on understanding the current controversies in the literature. Teaching and learning will be by lectures and tutorials and will be supported by web-based materials. Students will be expected to demonstrate a critical appreciation of the current literature, its controversies and key concepts
10 credits - The world of RNA
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This module will analyse the vital roles that RNA plays in the life of a cell and how RNA is increasingly used as a tool to understand biology. The module will cover the following 'cutting edge' research topics: RNA interference, CRISPR Genome Editing, non-coding RNAs, together with the latest work on well known RNA based activities. These include transcription, RNA splicing, RNA stability, RNA export and translation and how all these processes are coupled in the cell to ensure efficient, quality-controlled gene expression. The module aims to present the latest innovations and discoveries in the RNA world and their application.
10 credits - Clinical Genomics of Cancer and Rare Genetic Diseases
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This module will address the ways in which genetic factors influence our lifetime health. The module will focus on classic examples of leukaemia, lymphoma, solid tumours, rare inherited diseases and those commonly identified in prenatal diagnostic studies using real patient scenarios. The molecular and cytogenetic technologies and the underlying clinical diagnostic strategies will be discussed to provide students with a thorough understanding of clinical genomic diagnostics across the breadth of human acquired and inherited diseases. This module will be delivered by a combination of academic staff from the university, and clinical geneticists from the NHS.
10 credits - Human genomics, proteomics and genome biology
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A top-down approach to biology, simultaneously investigating the structure and function of the entire genome and its products, both contrasts with and complements the traditional gene-by-gene approach, allowing us a birds-eye view. In this module, we cover genome-wide approaches to studying the genetic causes and diagnosis of complex and polygenetic human disease. We then discuss how methods such as RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and 4C can be used to investigate the genome-wide transcriptional profile, the chromatin landscape and the three-dimensional structure of the genome. Finally we describe the use of technologies such as mass spectrometry to investigate the complete proteome of a cell. The module builds on the material from the level 2 module Genes, Genomes and Chromosomes, to illustrate how cutting-edge genomic and proteomic methods can be used to address fundamental biological questions.
10 credits - Genetic pathways from zygote to organism
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Multicellular organisms develop from a single zygote and in the case of humans, culminates in a mature human body consisting of over a trillion cells and around 200 different cell types. This module will examine the developmental mechanisms and genes that regulate pattern formation and cell identity in multicellular eukaryotes. We will focus on the role of key genes in the regulation of different developmental processes and the mechanisms that determine the correct temporal and spatial expression of these genes. We will illustrate these principles using examples from model organisms such as Mus Musculus, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and Arabidopsis thaliana. These systems have significantly informed our understanding of human disease but also demonstrate the different mechanisms through which cell fate and complexity are controlled.
10 credits - Biochemistry Data Handling
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The module aims to develop problem solving, interpretative and numerical skills by the study of deductive questions drawn from the broad area of biochemistry. Students will gain experience in the handling, analysis, interpretation and evaluation of published biochemical data of different types.
10 credits - Genetics Data Handling
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The module aims to develop interpretative skills by the study of deductive questions drawn from the broad area of molecular genetics and cell biology. Students will gain experience in the analysis, interpretation and evaluation of published data of different types through a directed programme of reading, discussion and question answering. The module also contains an element that develops the skills required by the students to write on a broad topic drawn from across all their areas of study.
10 credits - Microbiology Data Handling
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The module aims to develop problem solving, interpretative and numerical skills by the study of deductive questions drawn from the broad area of microbiology, including gene regulation, microbial physiology and pathogenicity. Students will gain experience in reading scientific papers and in the handling, analysis, interpretation and evaluation of microbiological data of different types. The module also contains an element that develops the skills required by the students to write on a broad topic drawn from across all their areas of study
10 credits - Membrane Protein Structure and Function
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The aim of this module is to impart a thorough understanding of the structure and function of membrane proteins. A major theme is the structural basis of energy transduction in membranes. Membrane protein complexes mediate the transfer of excitation energy, electrons and protons upon which all life depends. They also control the entry and exit of proteins, ions, nutrients, drugs and antibiotics from cells and the transfer of signals across membranes. We will examine membrane proteins involved in energy harvesting such as respiration and photosynthesis. The principles underlying the efficiency of energy transduction and redox chemistry taking place in these complexes will be covered. We will look at how harvested energy is coupled to movement of molecules ions and signals across membranes. The role of structure in determining specificity and directionality in vital transport process and signalling will be emphasised.
10 credits - Molecular Immunology
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This module explores the mechanisms that higher organisms use to defend themselves against infectious disease. The course considers the relationship between innate immunity (the first line of defence) and adaptive immunity, which can evolve throughout a lifetime to specifically recognise and remember different pathogens. The functions of the various cells and molecules that constitute the immune system are discussed and the genetic mechanisms that contribute to immunological diversity and specificity are examined. Topics include the roles of cytokines, T cell subsets and the structure/function relationship of the different antibody classes. The module also includes an overview of current techniques that exploit or manipulate the immune response for the prevention and treatment of disease e.g. through the development of therapeutic antibodies and the design of new vaccines.
10 credits - Pharmacology of Respiratory Disease
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Using the respiratory system as the focus, this module aims to further the students understanding of how the body defends itself from the ever-present threat of pathogenic attack; in particular what happens when the host fails in its defence and succumbs to respiratory disease, and the pharmacological strategies that can be employed in an attempt to restore homeostasis and a return to health. Formative assessment will be by an on-line quiz; summative assessment will be by formal examination.
10 credits - Human Planet
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This course examines the historical, social, cultural and political dimensions of sustainability, focusing on food production and natural resource management on the land and in the oceans. Students will learn how key historical developments led to sustainability issues, how geopolitics perpetuates these in the modern world, and how an understanding of these issues can help us to develop more sustainable ways to live in future. Learning will be achieved through lectures and videos, independent study and classroom discussion sessions.
10 credits - Topics in Evolutionary Genetics
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This course aims to provide the opportunity for students to develop (i) their knowledge of current leading-edge research areas in evolutionary genetics and (ii) their skills in accessing, interpreting and synthesising the primary scientific literature in this field. This will be achieved by examining three areas of current research activity in evolutionary genetics though detailed analysis of the questions, methods and interpretations in groups of recent publications.
10 credits - Human Evolutionary Genetics
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This module will provide students with an understanding of how genomics has shaped our understanding of the evolution of modern humans. This will be achieved through lectures and independent reading. Topics covered will include: the evolution of modern humans; the history of how humans colonised the world; how the Neanderthal genome has revealed hybridisation between Homo sapiens and Neanderthal man; how human genomes can tell us about the history and causes of modern genetic disorders; how our genomes reveal past episodes of selection; and how life history theory is used to study natural selection and evolution in pre-industrial humans.
10 credits - Future Plants: From Laboratory to Field
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This module explores current research themes in plant biology, examining how fundamental plant science, often using model organisms, can be translated into real-world applications. The course will highlight different research areas encompassing plant development and productivity, responses to environmental stresses and interactions with other organisms (beneficial or pests and diseases). Students will be introduced to the science that underpins these processes in plants and how this knowledge can be exploited to address problems such as food security, sustainability and environmental change.
10 credits - Cooperation and Conflict
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This module aims to provide the opportunity for students to develop (i) their knowledge of cutting-edge research in behavioural ecology, (ii) their skills in understanding and interpreting the primary scientific literature in this field and (iii) their ability to think independently and synthesise information. This will be achieved by introducing students to a range of issues and topics of central theoretical importance in the field of behavioural ecology and by showing how a combination of observation, and field and laboratory
10 credits
experimentation can be used to test hypotheses originating from theory. Specifically, the characteristics and implications of cooperation and conflict among animals will be studied in a variety of contexts. - Topics in Modern Ecology
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This module provides students with the opportunity to develop their knowledge of topical issues in modern ecology. Students will be introduced, through lectures, independent reading, discussion and problem solving to a core set of topical questions in pure and/or applied ecology, and they will explore how data and theory combine to inform our understanding of these topics. Students will apply their learning by developing and critically evaluating research or management proposals that will address for specific real world ecological questions and problems.
10 credits - Topics in Modern Zoology
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This module provides students with the opportunity to develop their knowledge of topical issues in modern zoology and their skills in accessing, interpreting and synthesising the primary scientific literature in this field. Students will be introduced, through lectures, independent reading, and group discussion, to a core set of topical questions, and they will explore how theory and data combine to inform our understanding of these topics. The skills developed will then be assessed through a written critical analysis of recent research on one of the core topics.
10 credits - Sensory Neuroscience
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This module covers the adult function and functional development of the auditory system, including sensory transduction and information processing. It will focus primarily on the periphery but will include representation of information in central pathways, with attention to mammalian animal models. The aims will be to show how physiological and developmental mechanisms combine to create the exquisite structural and functional tuning of the auditory system to the external world and how complex sensory information is encoded in the nervous system.
10 credits - Principles of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering
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This unit will provide students with an overview of the multidisciplinary concepts underpinning regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Through detailed examples of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies for replacing specific organs and tissues, students will be introduced to the key steps of the regenerative medicine and tissue engineering process from bench to bedside. The course will present topical research in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering and enable students to critically assess the current limitations and potential applications of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering for medical applications, drug discovery and food manufacturing.The unit will provide an overview of the central topics of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, including cell sourcing, biomaterial properties and design, and cell-material interactions. Particular emphasis will be given to the recent cutting-edge examples of applying regenerative medicine and tissue engineering to restore function of various organ systems.
10 credits - Cancer Biology
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The unit will provide a description of the nature of genomic complexity as revealed using next generation sequencing technology. It will explore cancer genotypes and phenotypes in the context of 8 essential characteristics that are common to all cancers, and which collectively dictate malignant growth. These characteristics are : self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals, evasion of programmed cell death, limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis, tissue invasion/metastasis, avoidance of immune destruction, and de-regulated cellular energetics. It will discuss how genome instability arises, and together with tumour-promoting inflammation, how these enable the emergence of all other cancer characteristics. It will utilize this conceptual framework to discuss recent and future developments in cancer therapeutics. A brief review of fundamental principles in genetics and molecular cell biology will be given. Nevertheless, students should have a basic understanding of genetics, molecular biology and cell biology
10 credits - Plant Biotechnology
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This module considers the application of biotechnology to plants, for both agricultural and research uses. It covers the production of transgenic plants and how this technology has resulted in genetically engineered crop plants that show novel traits or produce novel products. It also covers traditional methods of plant breeding for the development of novel crops without the use of genetic engineering. The release of genetically engineered crops has and is having a major impact on society, raising issues of ethical, economic and ecological importance. An appreciation of these issues will be developed.
10 credits - Protein Folding and Misfolding in Disease
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This module examines the mechanisms employed by proteins to adopt unique functional folds and explores the causes and consequences of mis-folding, with a particular reference to neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and prion diseases. Students will have an opportunity to acquire knowledge and understanding of the following: methods used to study the assembly of protein complexes; folding of molecules: background thermodynamics; folding pathways; investigating intermediates; kinetic labelling; mutagenesis; modules of folding; the role of disulphide bonds; accessory proteins; isomerases; rotamases; chaperones. Protein mis-assembly: off-pathway species, aggregation, amyloids, accessory proteins, chaperones and disaggregases. Control of protein folding and mis-folding in vivo: recognition of unfolded protein, the UPR or unfolded protein response, proteostasis, and the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
10 credits - Genome Stability and Genetic Change
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The module examines in detail the mechanisms that maintain genome integrity and generate genetic variation, both of which are essential to eukaryotic life. The lectures illustrate how the prevention and creation of changes in DNA make use of the same biochemical machinery. The main emphasis is on eukaryotes; reference is made to prokaryotes mainly as an aid to understanding the importance of conserved processes. Mechanisms studied in detail include single-strand break repair, protein-linked DNA break repair, homologous and non-homologous recombination, avoidance of replication errors, mismatch repair, excision repair and mutagenesis. Throughout the module experimental detail is included to illustrate how conclusions on gene function and interactions have been determined.
10 credits - Bacterial Pathogenicity
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Infectious diseases account for the majority of deaths worldwide. This will continue to be the case until we have a greater understanding of the mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis. This course builds on the principles introduced in level 2 microbiology and begins by showing how molecular genetic approaches are being used to unravel the complexities of microbial virulence. Following an introduction to the regulation of virulence genes, the pathogenic mechanisms of selected bacterial pathogens are explored in detail, demonstrating the involvement of multiple virulence determinants and their genetic regulation in the disease process. Mechanisms by which toxins deregulate or kill host cells will be explored. Virulence mechanisms that represent common themes in bacterial pathogenesis will be highlighted. The appearance of antibiotic resistant strains and strategies adopted to tackle this problem will also be considered.
10 credits - Human Reproduction and Fertility
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This module will address some of the processes underlying human fertility: that is, hormonal regulation of the reproductive systems, gametogenesis and fertilisation. The module will then consider methods of contraception, reasons for infertility, and issues relating to the assisted reproductive technologies. Finally, the importance of genetic imprinting will be discussed, together with a consideration of the impact of failures in imprinting.
10 credits - The Microbiology of Extreme Environments
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The overall aim of this module is to provide a detailed account of how diverse microorganisms survive in extreme environments on Earth. The first part of the course examines a range of extreme environments including salt lakes, hot springs, polar regions, mining areas, soda lakes, deserts, hydrothermal vents and sea ice and explains the metabolic processes of the diverse microbes that inhabit them to grow optimally under these extreme conditions. The growing industrial applications of extremophilic microorganisms will also be covered. The second part of the course looks at how proteins are adapted to remain stable and active under extreme conditions, since proteins readily denature under moderate heat, increased levels of salinity or changes in pH.
10 credits - The Kidney in Health and Disease
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The module examines the physiology and pathophysiology of the renal system, drawing on research to evidence how changes in the transport of ions, solutes and water leads to disease. We will evaluate the process of filtration and formation of urine, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms that underpin these. Areas covered will include the glomerulus, inherited and acquired sodium handling conditions (including the impact of cytokines and SARS-CoV-2), and urea and water transport pathophysiology. The emphasis throughout will be to evaluate how experimental research informs our understanding of renal physiology and pathophysiology, developing student skills in problem solving and critical analysis.
10 credits - Cardiovascular Pharmacology: personalising medicine
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This module aims to describe all aspects of modern cardiovascular pharmacology to enable the student to understand how and why medical treatments for cardiovascular disease are becoming increasingly personalised. Drugs that influence the function of the heart, blood vessels and blood cells in cardiovascular disease states and their interactions in humans will be discussed. New approaches to the multimodal treatment of heart disease will be explained. Formative assessment will be by an on-line quiz; summative assessment will be by an extended coursework essay from a choice of up to 3 with emphasis upon contemporary pharmacological themes in cardiovascular medicine.
10 credits - Biological Basis of Brain Disease 1: Neurodegeneration
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The module will examine recent and current research into human neurodegenerative disease including Huntington's, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and motor neuron disease. In addition, reference may be made to the spongiform encephalopathies, frontal dementias and Lewy body disease, with emphasis on their inter-relationships and commonalities. The genetic and non-genetic aetiological influences, defining pathology and pathophysiology and current understanding of the underlying biology will be examined by a detailed consideration of current research in these areas. The module will also include discussion of the prevention and treatment of the diseases, highlighting possible therapies which may be useful in several pathologies.
10 credits
The content of our courses is reviewed annually to make sure it's up-to-date and relevant. Individual modules are occasionally updated or withdrawn. This is in response to discoveries through our world-leading research; funding changes; professional accreditation requirements; student or employer feedback; outcomes of reviews; and variations in staff or student numbers. In the event of any change we'll consult and inform students in good time and take reasonable steps to minimise disruption.
Learning and assessment
Learning
Assessment
Throughout the course you will be assessed through a variety of methods, including exams, tests, presentations, coursework and practical work.
Programme specification
This tells you the aims and learning outcomes of this course and how these will be achieved and assessed.
Entry requirements
With Access Sheffield, you could qualify for additional consideration or an alternative offer - find out if you're eligible.
The A Level entry requirements for this course are:
AAB
including Biology and a second science
- A Levels + a fourth Level 3 qualification
- ABB including Biology and a second science + B in the EPQ
- International Baccalaureate
- 34 with 6,5 (in any order) in Higher Level Biology and a second science
- BTEC Extended Diploma
- (RQF) DDD in Applied Science (Basic, Biomedical Science, or Analytical & Forensic Science* streams only), or Health and Social Care**
- BTEC Diploma
- DD in Applied Science + A at A Level
- Scottish Highers + 2 Advanced Highers
- AABBB + AB in Biology and a second science
- Welsh Baccalaureate + 2 A Levels
- B + AA in Biology and a second science
- Access to HE Diploma
- Award of Access to HE Diploma in Science, with 45 credits at Level 3, including 36 at Distinction (to include Biology and a second science), and 9 at Merit
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Second science subjects include Chemistry, Maths, Further Maths, Physics, Psychology, Environmental Science, Geology or Geography. Human Biology accepted in lieu of Biology, but Biology and Human Biology cannot be accepted in combination as the two sciences
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GCSE Maths grade 4/C
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*Applied Science (Analytical & Forensic Science) must include the units: Practical Chemical Analysis, Applications of Organic Chemistry, and Applications of Inorganic Chemistry; and at least one of the following units: Physiology of Human Body Systems, Human Regulation & Reproduction, Biological Molecules & Metabolic Pathways, Diseases & Infections, Microbiology & Microbiological Techniques, Biomedical Science, or Medical Physics Applications
**Health & Social Care must include at least two of the following units: Infection Prevention and Control, Microbiology for Health Science, Genetics, Biomedical Science, or Biochemistry for Health
The A Level entry requirements for this course are:
ABB
including Biology and a second science
- A Levels + a fourth Level 3 qualification
- ABB including Biology and a second science + B in the EPQ
- International Baccalaureate
- 33 with 5 in two Higher Level Biology and a second science
- BTEC Extended Diploma
- (RQF) DDD in Applied Science (Basic, Biomedical Science, or Analytical & Forensic Science* streams only), or Health and Social Care**
- BTEC Diploma
- DD in Applied Science + B at A Level
- Scottish Highers + 2 Advanced Highers
- ABBBB + AB in Biology and a second science
- Welsh Baccalaureate + 2 A Levels
- B + AB in Biology and a second science
- Access to HE Diploma
- Award of Access to HE Diploma in Science, with 45 credits at Level 3, including 30 at Distinction (to include Biology and a second science), and 15 at Merit
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Second science subjects include Chemistry, Maths, Further Maths, Physics, Psychology, Environmental Science, Geology or Geography. Human Biology accepted in lieu of Biology, but Biology and Human Biology cannot be accepted in combination as the two sciences
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GCSE Maths grade 4/C
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*Applied Science (Analytical & Forensic Science) must include the units: Practical Chemical Analysis, Applications of Organic Chemistry, and Applications of Inorganic Chemistry; and at least one of the following units: Physiology of Human Body Systems, Human Regulation & Reproduction, Biological Molecules & Metabolic Pathways, Diseases & Infections, Microbiology & Microbiological Techniques, Biomedical Science, or Medical Physics Applications
**Health & Social Care must include at least two of the following units: Infection Prevention and Control, Microbiology for Health Science, Genetics, Biomedical Science, or Biochemistry for Health
You must demonstrate that your English is good enough for you to successfully complete your course. For this course we require: GCSE English Language at grade 4/C; IELTS grade of 6.5 with a minimum of 6.0 in each component; or an alternative acceptable English language qualification
Equivalent English language qualifications
Visa and immigration requirements
Other qualifications | UK and EU/international
If you have any questions about entry requirements, please contact the school/department.
Graduate careers
School of Biosciences
As a Biosciences graduate, you’ll have a huge range of career opportunities open to you. Whether you want to work in industry, join a Top 100 graduate employer, or continue your studies, employers seek out our graduates because of the skills they develop during their time at Sheffield.
Whatever you’re passionate about, we’ll make sure you get the scientific skills and knowledge to pursue it. Here are just a few of the exciting things our graduates are doing now:
- Saving local biodiversity and developing solutions to global food shortages at the RSPB and local Wildlife Trusts
- Working in industrial research at organisations including Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Reckitt
- Working in healthcare, in the NHS or for private healthcare providers or charities
- Studying for a PhD
A biosciences degree from the University of Sheffield can even take you into roles in marketing, teaching, human resources, IT, science communication and beyond. Each year our graduates apply their transferable skills and begin careers in these areas with Top 100 employers like GSK, Google and Aldi.
School of Biosciences
Research Excellence Framework 2021
Research Excellence Framework 2021
The School of Biosciences brings together more than 100 years of teaching and research expertise across the breadth of biology. It is home to over 120 lecturers who are actively involved in research at the cutting edge of their field, sharing their knowledge with more than 1,500 undergraduate and 300 postgraduate students.
Our expertise spans the breadth and depth of bioscience, including molecular and cell biology, genetics, development, human physiology and pharmacology through to evolution, ecology, biodiversity conservation and sustainability. This makes us one of the broadest and largest groupings of the discipline and allows us to train the next generation of biologists in the latest research techniques and discoveries.
The School of Biosciences is based at the heart of campus across the interlinked Firth Court, Alfred Denny, Florey, Perak and Addison buildings which house lecture theatres, teaching labs and research facilities. You’ll be over the road from 24/7 library facilities and the UK’s number one students’ union, a short walk from our student accommodation, sports facilities and the city centre, and just a bus ride away from the Peak District National Park.
Facilities
Our students have access to world-class laboratory and computing resources for biological research and are trained in specialist teaching laboratories. The school is home to state-of-the-art facilities, including the Medical Teaching Unit where our students work alongside trainee medics to gain an excellent foundation for understanding human physiology and developmental biology. We also have the Alfred Denny Museum of Zoology that we use for teaching animal anatomy, biodiversity and evolution.
To further support our research and teaching, we have a world-leading controlled environment facility which allows our staff and students to study the impacts of climate change; multi-million pound microscopy equipment that’s helping us to understand and prevent diseases such as MRSA; and facilities for genomics, proteomics and metabolomics research, Biological Mass Spectrometry, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance imaging.
School of BiosciencesUniversity rankings
Number one in the Russell Group
National Student Survey 2024 (based on aggregate responses)
92 per cent of our research is rated as world-leading or internationally excellent
Research Excellence Framework 2021
University of the Year and best for Student Life
Whatuni Student Choice Awards 2024
Number one Students' Union in the UK
Whatuni Student Choice Awards 2024, 2023, 2022, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017
Number one for Students' Union
StudentCrowd 2024 University Awards
A top 20 university targeted by employers
The Graduate Market in 2023, High Fliers report
A top-100 university: 12th in the UK and 98th in the world
Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2025
Student profiles
Fees and funding
Fees
Additional costs
The annual fee for your course includes a number of items in addition to your tuition. If an item or activity is classed as a compulsory element for your course, it will normally be included in your tuition fee. There are also other costs which you may need to consider.
Funding your study
Depending on your circumstances, you may qualify for a bursary, scholarship or loan to help fund your study and enhance your learning experience.
Use our Student Funding Calculator to work out what you’re eligible for.
Placements and study abroad
Placements
If you know you want to do a placement we also offer a dedicated BSc Biological Sciences with Placement Year and MBiolSci Biological Sciences with Placement Year that you can apply for via UCAS.
You can test out a career path between your second and third year - whether that's in the lab or applying your scientific knowledge and transferable skills in industry - and earn a salary while you're doing it. Our students have completed placements at organisations such as GSK, AstraZeneca, Mondelez International, Kew Gardens and Newquay Zoo.
Another great way to gain extra experience is by applying to join the Sheffield Undergraduate Research Experience scheme. This gives you the chance to spend around six weeks working in one of our research groups over the summer. It's a unique opportunity to pursue research in an area that you’re excited about, and can help inform your future career aspirations.
Study abroad
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University open days
We host five open days each year, usually in June, July, September, October and November. You can talk to staff and students, tour the campus and see inside the accommodation.
Subject tasters
If you’re considering your post-16 options, our interactive subject tasters are for you. There are a wide range of subjects to choose from and you can attend sessions online or on campus.
Offer holder days
If you've received an offer to study with us, we'll invite you to one of our offer holder days, which take place between February and April. These open days have a strong department focus and give you the chance to really explore student life here, even if you've visited us before.
Campus tours
Our weekly guided tours show you what Sheffield has to offer - both on campus and beyond. You can extend your visit with tours of our city, accommodation or sport facilities.
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The awarding body for this course is the University of Sheffield.
Recognition of professional qualifications: from 1 January 2021, in order to have any UK professional qualifications recognised for work in an EU country across a number of regulated and other professions you need to apply to the host country for recognition. Read information from the UK government and the EU Regulated Professions Database.
Any supervisors and research areas listed are indicative and may change before the start of the course.