Professor Andrew Lee
MB ChB MSc (Dist) MRCGP MFPH FHEA FRSPH DCH DTM&H DLSHTM CILT
School of Medicine and Population Health
Professor of Public Health
andrew.lee@sheffield.ac.uk
+44 114 222 0872
+44 114 222 0872
+44 114 222 0749
(Fax)
2037, 2nd Floor, Regent Court (ScHARR)
Full contact details
Professor Andrew Lee
School of Medicine and Population Health
2037, 2nd Floor
Regent Court (ScHARR)
30 Regent Street
Sheffield
S1 4DA
School of Medicine and Population Health
2037, 2nd Floor
Regent Court (ScHARR)
30 Regent Street
Sheffield
S1 4DA
- Profile
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I joined the Section of Public Health in ScHARR in February 2008 and am a Professor of Public Health. Alongside my academic role, I am the Regional Deputy Director for Health Protection with UKHSA Yorkshire and the Humber. I am also the editor-in-chief of Public Health, a journal of the Royal Society for Public Health. I was previously a founding co-editor-in-chief of the journal Public Health in Practice.
I qualified in medicine from the University of Edinburgh. Following paediatric and tropical medicine training, I then worked overseas running primary health care and tuberculosis control programmes in Afghanistan, and as a humanitarian aid worker in various disaster zones.
I am dual trained in general practice and public health in the UK and have previously worked as a Public Health Consultant in Nottingham City, as a director of primary care and population health with the NHS, and as a Consultant in Communicable Disease Control with the Health Protection Agency, Public Health England and the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA). I was previously a Senior Consultant in Global Health with the UKHSA International Health Regulations (IHR) Strengthening Project.
- Research interests
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My research interests are health protection (disaster response and emergency planning, control of communicable diseases), international health and health service management. My current and previous research projects include:
- DHSC-EPSRC grant (EP/Y009894/1): UK-South East Asia Vaccine Manufacturing Research Hub. Nov 2023-Mar 2028.
- NIHR-funded study (Ref NIHR202310): Evaluation of pandemic preparedness plans during COVID-19 at the interface with infection prevention and control services in acute and community care. Nov 2020 - 2023.
- PHE funded study: Evidence review of the population health role of ambulance services in COVID-19. Dec 2020-2021.
- PHE funded study: Evidence review for COVID-19 mass testing. May 2020
- NIHR-funded study (HTA - 11/46/07): The PRIEST Study: Pandemic Respiratory Infection Emergency System Triage. 2012-2022. Activated in 2020 to study COVID-19.
- MRC HSRI funded study. The impact of federalisation on Nepal's health system: a longitudinal analysis (MR/T023554/1). Apr 2020 – Mar 2023
- Publications
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Show: Featured publications All publications
Featured publications
Journal articles
- The Challenge of Mortality Surveillance in Pandemics—Imperfect Perceptions of Reality. American Journal of Public Health, 114(10), 963-965.
- The state of integrated disease surveillance globally: synthesis report of a mixed methods study. Public Health, 228, 85-91. View this article in WRRO
- We are not prepared for the next pandemic: why learning from the COVID-19 pandemic is vital. Public Health, 225, 251-253.
- The state of integrated disease surveillance in seven countries: a synthesis report. Public Health, 225, 141-146.
- Determinants of uptake of hepatitis B testing and healthcare access by migrant Chinese in the England: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 17(1). View this article in WRRO
- Emergency management in health: key issues and challenges in the UK.. BMC Public Health, 12, 884.
- The health benefits of urban green spaces: a review of the evidence.. J Public Health (Oxf), 33(2), 212-222.
All publications
Journal articles
- A rapid review of the causes of diagnostic and treatment delays for tuberculosis in low burden countries. Journal of Public Health. View this article in WRRO
- Efficacy of influenza vaccines and its relationship with immunological surrogate endpoints: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT. Clinical Microbiology and Infection.
- Is England's 10 year health plan fit for the future?. Public Health, 248, 105919-105919.
- Cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis infection screening at first reception into English prisons: a model-based analysis. EClinicalMedicine, 83. View this article in WRRO
- Healthy ageing – Investing now for the future. Public Health, 240, 95-96.
- Integrated care for chronic diseases: An evolutionary step for emerging primary health care systems. Public Health, 237, 456-457.
- Is England's National Health Service broken?. Public Health, 237, 203-204.
- The Challenge of Mortality Surveillance in Pandemics—Imperfect Perceptions of Reality. American Journal of Public Health, 114(10), 963-965.
- Implementation of fracture risk assessment in men with prostate cancer requiring long-term androgen deprivation therapy: a systematic scoping review using the i-PARIHS implementation framework. Journal of Cancer Survivorship. View this article in WRRO
- A public health workforce for the 21st century. Public Health, 233, 147-148.
- COVID-19 as a challenge to Nepal’s newly federalized health system: capacities, responsibilities, and mindsets. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 36(5), 513-515. View this article in WRRO
- Surveillance system integration: reporting the results of a global multicountry survey. Public Health, 231, 31-38. View this article in WRRO
- Conceptualisation and implementation of integrated disease surveillance globally: a scoping review. Public Health, 230, 105-112.
- Why we must anticipate a range of possible consequences of upcoming vape-related legislation changes in the United Kingdom. Public Health, 230, 231-232.
- Health inequalities for people with learning disabilities: why it matters and what emergency physicians need to know. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 85(2), 1-7.
- The looming global workforce crisis in primary care. Public Health, 229, 63-64.
- The state of integrated disease surveillance globally: synthesis report of a mixed methods study. Public Health, 228, 85-91. View this article in WRRO
- A case of swine influenza A(H1N2)v in England, November 2023. Eurosurveillance, 29(3). View this article in WRRO
- When public health and healthcare messaging collide: unintended consequences. Public Health, 226, 157-158.
- The impact of decentralisation on health systems: a systematic review of reviews. BMJ Global Health, 8(12). View this article in WRRO
- Relationship of cardiorenal risk factors with albuminuria based on age, smoking, glycaemic status and BMI: a retrospective cohort study of the UK Biobank data. BMJ Public Health, 1(1). View this article in WRRO
- We are not prepared for the next pandemic: why learning from the COVID-19 pandemic is vital. Public Health, 225, 251-253.
- The state of integrated disease surveillance in seven countries: a synthesis report. Public Health, 225, 141-146.
- Overcoming the challenges facing Nepal's health system during federalisation: an analysis of health system building blocks. Health Research Policy and Systems, 21. View this article in WRRO
- Delivery of public health interventions by the ambulance sector: a scoping review. BMC Public Health, 23(1). View this article in WRRO
- Implementing a package of essential non-communicable diseases interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a realist review protocol. BMJ Open, 13(9). View this article in WRRO
- Integration of disease surveillance in the English context: a qualitative study. Public Health, 223, 67-71.
- The health consequences of urbanization in Nepal: perspectives from a participatory photo project with recent rural-urban migrants. The Highlander, 3(1). View this article in WRRO
- Gender and caste inequalities in primary healthcare usage by under-5 children in rural Nepal: an iterative qualitative study into provider perspectives and the potential role of implicit bias. BMJ Open, 13. View this article in WRRO
- The roots of the healthcare crisis in England. Public Health, 219, 157-158.
- Ukraine refugee crisis: evolving needs and challenges. Public Health, 217, 41-45.
- The role of pandemic planning in the management of COVID-19 in England from an infection prevention and control perspective: results of a national survey. Public Health, 217, 89-94.
- Are we coming out from the COVID-19 pandemic?. Respirology, 27(12), 1022-1024.
- Health system strengthening: the role of public health in Federal Nepal. Journal of the Nepal Public Health Association, 7(1), 36-42. View this article in WRRO
- Determinants affecting utilisation of health services and treatment for children under-5 in rural Nepali health centres: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 22. View this article in WRRO
- Mental health risks among informal waste workers in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 59.
- The public health costs of war. Public Health, 209, 73-74.
- Predictors and determinants of albuminuria in people with prediabetes and diabetes based on smoking status : a cross-sectional study using the UK Biobank data. eClinicalMedicine, 51. View this article in WRRO
- The global monkeypox outbreak : germ panic, stigma and emerging challenges. Public Health in Practice, 4.
- ‘Levelling up’ in the UK must involve a reduction in inequalities in children’s life chances. Public Health in Practice, 3. View this article in WRRO
- Qualitative evidence syntheses of attitudes and preferences to inform guidelines on infant feeding in the context of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) transmission risk. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 16(3). View this article in WRRO
- COVID-19 : difficult transitions. Public Health, 206, 31-32.
- Universal use of surgical masks is tolerated and prevents respiratory viral infection in stem cell transplant recipients. Journal of Hospital Infection, 119, 182-186. View this article in WRRO
- Healthcare professionals' views on factors influencing shared decision-making in primary health care centres in Saudi Arabia : a qualitative study. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 28(2), 235-246.
- Are schools drivers of COVID-19 infections — an analysis of outbreaks in Colorado, USA in 2020. Journal of Public Health, 44(1), e26-e35.
- Barriers and enablers to optimal diabetes care for adults with learning disabilities : a systematic review. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 50(1), 76-87. View this article in WRRO
- COVID-19 vaccine dilemmas. Public Health, 202, 10-11.
- Systematic review: acculturation strategies and their impact on the mental health of migrant populations. Public Health in Practice, 2.
- Factors influencing the effective management of diabetes during humanitarian crises in low- and middle-income countries : a systematic review. Public Health, 199, 110-117.
- COVID-19: transferring learning from the pandemic response to non-communicable disease control. Public Health, 197, A1-A2.
- COVID-19-why open and honest public dialogue is needed: Porter’s reflections on the ethical dilemmas of age rather than geographical based lockdowns are noteworthy. Public Health, 196, e2-e3.
- A scoping review of the experience of implementing population testing for SARS-CoV-2. Public Health, 198, 22-29.
- Prognostic accuracy of emergency department triage tools for adults with suspected COVID-19: the PRIEST observational cohort study. Emergency Medicine Journal, 38(8), 587-593.
- Pediatric Refugee Health and Patterns of Health Care Utilization in Durham, North Carolina. North Carolina Medical Journal, 82(3), 157-163.
- COVID-19: Viral origins, vaccine fears and risk perceptions. Public Health, 196, A1-A2.
- Are children and schools a COVID-19 threat?. Public Health in Practice, 2.
- Vaccination against COVID-19 and inequalities – avoiding making a bad situation worse. Public Health in Practice, 2. View this article in WRRO
- Where England's pandemic response to COVID-19 went wrong?. Public Health, 192, 45-48.
- Views of stakeholders on factors influencing shared decision-making in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 27(3), 300-311.
- Derivation and validation of a clinical severity score for acutely ill adults with suspected COVID-19: The PRIEST observational cohort study. PLoS ONE, 16(1). View this article in WRRO
- Post-exertion oxygen saturation as a prognostic factor for adverse outcome in patients attending the emergency department with suspected COVID-19: a substudy of the PRIEST observational cohort study. Emergency Medicine Journal, 38(2), 88-93. View this article in WRRO
- COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: Emerging evidence on the effectiveness of action by, and cooperation between, different levels of government in a federal system. Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, 3(3), 1-11. View this article in WRRO
- Parental experience of prophylactic antibiotics. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 106(6), 577-582.
- Characterisation of 22445 patients attending UK emergency departments with suspected COVID-19 infection : observational cohort study. PLoS ONE, 15(11). View this article in WRRO
- Risks and risk mitigation in waste-work: A qualitative study of informal waste workers in Nepal. Public Health in Practice, 1. View this article in WRRO
- Public health in practice in a time of change. Public Health in Practice, 1.
- COVID19 – Why open and honest public dialogue is needed. Public Health, 188, A1-A2.
- Winter is coming, and it is going to be tough : COVID-19 and winter preparedness. Public Health, 187, A1-A2.
- Should countries aim for elimination in the covid-19 pandemic?. British Medical Journal (BMJ), 370(8259).
- Coronavirus disease 2019 : emerging lessons from the pandemic. Public Health, 186, A1-A2.
- Harnessing inter-disciplinary collaboration to improve emergency care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): results of research prioritisation setting exercise. BMC Emergency Medicine, 20(1). View this article in WRRO
- What influences the implementation of shared decision making : an umbrella review. Patient Education and Counseling, 103(12), 2400-2407.
- COVID19, race and public health. Public Health, 185, A1-A2.
- COVID19: The need for public health in a time of emergency. Public Health, 182, 188-189.
- Wuhan novel coronavirus (COVID-19) : why global control is challenging?. Public Health, 179, A1-A2.
- Just Google it! Impact of media coverage of an outbreak of high-level azithromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae on online searches, and attendances, testing and diagnoses at sexual health clinics in England between 2015 and 2016: an interrupted time series analysis using surveillance data. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 95(8), 594-601.
- Public health and the NHS at 70: Fit enough for the challenge of new enemies in a new landscape? An example of public health measures to address alcohol consumption. French Journal of British Studies, XXIV. View this article in WRRO
- A Framework to Assess the Quality of Non-traditional Articles in the Field of Disaster Response and Management. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 13(2), 147-151. View this article in WRRO
- Travel – not without consequence. Public Health, 168, A1-A2.
- The health risks of informal waste workers in the Kathmandu Valley: a cross-sectional survey. Public Health, 166, 10-18. View this article in WRRO
- Temporal trends and patterns in antimicrobial resistant Gram-negative bacteria implicated in intensive care unit-acquired infections: a cohort-based surveillance study in Istanbul, Turkey. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 14, 190-196. View this article in WRRO
- Persistence of an outbreak of gonorrhoea with high-level resistance to azithromycin in England, November 2014‒May 2018. Eurosurveillance, 23(23).
- Migration and health - seeing past the hype, hysteria and labels. Public Health, 158, A1-A2. View this article in WRRO
- Prevalence of depressive symptoms and its associated factors in older adults: a cross-sectional study in Kathmandu, Nepal. Aging and Mental Health, 22(6), 802-807. View this article in WRRO
- Determinants of uptake of hepatitis B testing and healthcare access by migrant Chinese in the England: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 17(1). View this article in WRRO
- The changing health priorities of earthquake response and implications for preparedness: a scoping review.. Public Health, 150, 60-70.
- Improving access to health care for chronic hepatitis B among migrant Chinese populations: A systematic mixed methods review of barriers and enablers. Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 24(7), 526-540.
- A qualitative study exploring awareness and attitudes towards tuberculosis in migrant populations in a metropolitan district council in the North of England. Journal of Public Health , 39(4), 821-827. View this article in WRRO
- Ethical public health: more than just numbers. Public Health, 144, A1-A2.
- Quality of Healthcare. Issue Brief Health Policy Tracking Service, 2016, 1-192.
- Redesign and commissioning of sexual health services in England – a qualitative study. Public Health, 139, 134-140. View this article in WRRO
- Changing times, changing challenges: lessons for public health from history. Public Health, 138, 1-3.
- Barriers to evidence-based disaster management in Nepal: a qualitative study. Public Health, 133, 99-106. View this article in WRRO
- Tuberculosis in South Asian communities in the UK: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of Public Health, 38(2), 250-257.
- Quality of Healthcare. Issue Brief Health Policy Tracking Service, 1-140.
- Value of urban green spaces in promoting healthy living and wellbeing: prospects for planning. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 8, 131-137.
- The role of husbands in maternal health and safe childbirth in rural Nepal: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth, 15. View this article in WRRO
- What is the evidence on interventions to manage referral from primary to specialist non-emergency care? A systematic review and logic model synthesis. Health Services and Delivery Research, 3(24).
- Referral interventions from primary to specialist care: a systematic review of international evidence. British Journal of General Practice, 64(629), e765-e774.
- Disaster management in low- and middle-income countries: Scoping review of the evidence base. Emergency Medicine Journal.
- Making short-term international medical volunteer placements work: a qualitative study.. Br J Gen Pract, 64(623), e329-e335.
- Accuracy of diagnosis and classification of COPD in primary and specialist nurse-led respiratory care in Rotherham, UK: a cross-sectional study.. Prim Care Respir J, 23(1), 67-73.
- Competencies required from public health professionals by health based organisations and the role of academia.. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 64(1), 57-63.
- Competencies required from public health professionals by health based organisations and the role of academia. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 64(1).
- Is a large scale community programme as effective as a community rehabilitation programme delivered in the setting of a clinical trial?. BMC Med Res Methodol, 13, 103.
- Demand management: misguided solutions?. Br J Gen Pract, 63(613), e589-e591.
- The impact of telehealth support for patients with diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on unscheduled secondary care utilisation: a service evaluation.. Inform Prim Care, 20(4), 263-270.
- Benefits of an electronic medical records system in rural Nepal.. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc, 52(188), 196-200.
- Emergency management in health: key issues and challenges in the UK.. BMC Public Health, 12, 884.
- Why do community health workers volunteer? A qualitative study in Kenya.. Public Health, 126(10), 839-845.
- Where is the evidence for emergency planning: a scoping review.. BMC Public Health, 12, 542.
- The challenge of commissioning for populations.. Br J Gen Pract, 62(598), e387-e389.
- Integrating a clinical model of smoking cessation into antenatal care. British Journal of Midwifery, 20(4), 236-243.
- Online public health education for low and middle-income countries: Factors influencing successful student outcomes. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 6(4), 65-69.
- Global public health training in the UK: preparing for the future.. J Public Health (Oxf), 33(2), 310-316.
- The health benefits of urban green spaces: a review of the evidence.. J Public Health (Oxf), 33(2), 212-222.
- Local determinants of tobacco use in Pakistan and the importance of context. Journal of Smoking Cessation, 5(2), 145-150.
- Coalition plans for English NHS. A recipe for disaster?. BMJ, 341, c4182.
- Humanitarian disaster response. Lancet, 375(9718), 891-892.
- An integrated approach to treat tobacco addiction in countries with high tuberculosis incidence. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 14(4), 420-428.
- The ranibizumab saga of drug profiteering. BMJ, 337(7669), 531.
- Drug prices - The ranibizumab saga of drug profiteering. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 337(7669).
- Local perspectives on humanitarian aid in Sri Lanka after the tsunami. PUBLIC HEALTH, 122(12), 1410-1417.
- The tsunami and the dangers of goodwill. BMJ, 330(7485), 261.2-261.2.
- Health Status and Occupational Risks in Nepali Informal Waste Workers. Environmental Epidemiology, 3(Supplement 1), 59-59.
- Need and importance of health protection training in Nepal. Nepal Journal of Epidemiology, 5(1), 441-43.
Conference proceedings
- The 2015 Nepal earthquake disaster: lessons learned one year on. Public Health, Vol. 145 (pp 39-44) View this article in WRRO
- OP77 Commissioning services for disease prevention in England: A qualitative examination of barriers and enablers. Oral Presentations (pp A43.1-A43)
- Improving health care access for Hepatitis B in high prevalence migrant groups. European Journal of Public Health, Vol. 25(suppl_3)
- The evidence gaps for health emergency planning in the UK. Health Protection Agency 2012. University of Warwick, 11 September 2012 - 12 September 2012.
- The evidence for emergency planning in health: Finding the gaps. HSRN Symposium - Delivering better health services. Manchester, 19 June 2012 - 20 June 2012.
- Where is the evidence for emergency planning and management?. Health Protection Agency Annual Conference. University of Warwick, 13 September 2011 - 14 September 2011.
- Investigating bladder cancer in South Yorkshire. UK Association of Cancer Registries(UKACR) Annual Conference. Stirling, 9 September 2009 - 10 September 2009.
- Qualitative survey methods in complex situations. 2nd International Conference on Surveying Health in Complex Situations. Brussels, Belgium, 4 June 2007 - 5 June 2007.
Reports
- Health status and occupational risks in informal waste workers in Nepal : results from a cross-sectional study conducted in the Kathmandu Valley View this article in WRRO
- Recovery, Relapse, and Episodes of Default in the Management of Acute Malnutrition in Children in Humanitarian Emergencies View this article in WRRO
- Relationships Between Recovery and Relapse, and Default and Repeated Episodes of Default in the Management of Acute Malnutrition in Children in Humanitarian Emergencies: A systematic review protocol View this article in WRRO
Posters
- PP22 Delivery of public health interventions by the ambulance sector.
- Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and Temporal Trends in Gram-Negative Bacteria Causing Nosocomial Infections in Critically Ill Patients in Istanbul, Turkey. ASM Microbe 2017.
Other
- The end of US foreign aid and implications for global health?. Public Health, 242, 101-102.
- Living with endemic COVID-19. Public Health, 205, 26-27.
- Beyond the pandemic: building forward better?. Public Health, 204, 12-13.
- Climate justice: modern parallels with the slave trade. Public Health, 204, 82-83.
Preprints
- Cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis infection screening at first reception into English prisons: a model-based analysis, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
- Fracture risk assessment in men with prostate cancer requiring long-term androgen deprivation therapy: a systematic scoping review using the i-PARIHS implementation framework, Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
- Determinants affecting utilisation of health services and treatment for children under-5 in rural Nepali health centres: a retrospective cohort study, Research Square Platform LLC.
- A Scoping Review of the Experience of Implementing Population Testing for SARS-CoV-2, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
- Derivation and validation of a clinical severity score for acutely ill adults with suspected COVID-19: The PRIEST observational cohort study, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
- Prognostic accuracy of emergency department triage tools for adults with suspected COVID-19: The PRIEST observational cohort study, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
- Prognostic accuracy of emergency department triage tools for children with suspected COVID-19: The PRIEST observational cohort study, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
- Harnessing Inter-disciplinary Collaboration to Improve Emergency Care in Low- and Middle-income Countries (LMICS): Results of Research Prioritisation Setting Exercise, Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
- The Challenge of Mortality Surveillance in Pandemics—Imperfect Perceptions of Reality. American Journal of Public Health, 114(10), 963-965.
- Research group
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Current PhD/MD Students
Dr Omnia Elnawawy
Jeffrey Tochkin
Dr Anju Vaidya
Pitak Benjarattanaporn
- Teaching interests
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I am keen on teaching and especially on global health issues, humanitarian aid, health service management and communicable disease control. I currently lecture on international health needs assessment, disaster planning and impact evaluation in the Masters Public Health (MPH) course.
I developed the modules Communicable Disease Control, and Disaster and Emergency Management.
In addition, I teach on the undergraduate medical programme, and on the Executive MBA programme at City College, Thessaloniki, Greece.
I have worked as a trainer on orientation courses for relief workers, and delivered training to healthcare workers abroad as well as to health professionals in the UK. I have also delivered senior leadership training abroad with UKHSA’s IHR Strengthening Project.
- Professional activities and memberships
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I am a trained Executive Coach with Health Education England and an educational supervisor for public health speciality training schemes in Yorkshire and the Humber. I am a Fellow of the Faculty of Public Health, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Public Health, a Member of the Royal College of General Practitioners and a Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy.
I also carry out a variety of external consultancy work such as training on patient safety and clinical audits, health needs assessments, health equity audits, programme evaluations and impact assessments. I previously conducted external evaluation consultancies for the World Health Organisation in 2015 and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) in 2018/2019.
I was recently a Technical Advisor for the International Association of National Public Health Institutes (IANPHI) leading their Integrated Disease Surveillance Research Project. I am currently acting as a Technical Advisor for IANPHI on the Global Health Emergency Corps initiative.