International Criminology

Core modules:

Issues in Comparative Penology

This module studies punishment in its social contexts. It examines how penal systems work and in what ways they vary between different societies. The module will draw on an ongoing survey of penal systems in twelve countries. Students of different nationalities will have every opportunity to discuss and compare their own countries' experiences. Topics covered will include sentencing, imprisonment, non-custodial penalties, young offenders, privatisation of punishment, penal philosophies and the sociology of punishment.

15 credits

The Research Process

This module provides an introduction to the principles and practices of social science research. It will provide an overview of key concepts and distinctions, such as between epistemology and ontology, methods and methodology, subjectivity and objectivity, inductive and deductive reasoning, as well setting out some of the main principles of ethical social science research. It will also encourage students to critically reflect on how to put these principles into practice. It will teach students how to conduct literature searches, as well as exploring some of the main data collection and analysis techniques used in social science research, and how research studies are designed.

15 credits

Responding to Crime in Europe

This provides an introductory examination, at Master's level, of the levels of crime and the approaches taken in responding to crime across Europe. The focus will be comparative, considering the levels of victimisation, criminal justice organisation, and crime prevention initiatives that have been taken and put in place in different European countries.

15 credits

The Cultures of Criminology

Criminology is a subject area to which the academic disciplines of sociology, psychology, economics and law are brought to bear. This module explores the cultures of criminology - what criminologists take for granted as coomon-sense about the theory and methods they use to explore various subjects - to discover the very different theoretical and related methodological assumptions made by criminologists of particular academic persuasions. This aids our understanding of the benefits and shortcomings of choosing one theoretical perspectivr over another, and of the complexities of cross-cultural, comparative research. All of which has direct relevance to what could be called 'applied criminology' - the world of policy and adminiatration.

15 credits

Dissertation (International Criminology)

Students must complete a 10,000-12,000 word dissertation on a legal topic of their choice within the field of international criminology. The dissertation gives the student the opportunity to explore an area of their interest in some depth. To achieve a masters standard the student is required to demonstrate an up-to-date critical analysis of the topic chosen for discussion.

60 credits

Optional modules - examples include:

Crime and Globalisation

The module examines crime in global perspective, including crime problems that have typically gone below the criminological radar and crime problems of the Global South. The module will examine crimes that cross national borders, new forms of (often organised) crime, crimes comitted by nation states, 'crimes' in zones without law and new, transnational, definitions of criminal conduct. In this module students will encounter case studies of crimes from a variety of global locations and will engage with up to the minute criminological research and theorising that attempts to understand and explain crime in a global context.

15 credits

Criminality, Victimhood and War

The module will examine the contested nature of criminality and victimhood within the context of war. Set against the backdrop of the post-9/11 War on Terror, it will explore how states, soldiers, contractors and civilians can all be characterised as both criminals and victims.

15 credits

Global Terrorism and Counterterrorism

This module critically examines terrorism and counterterrorism, and its impacts on law, criminal justice, and security. It draws on theoretical, legal and empirical terrorism research, and case studies from the UK, USA and other jurisdictions as well as considering efforts to define terrorism, and explores the roles of the media and social media in framing terrorism. The module examines efforts to combat terrorism through new legislation, policing, application of exceptional government powers, and community-based initiatives alongside exploring intended and unintended consequences of counterterrorism, including impacts on targeted communities and legitimacy implications.

15 credits

Gender and Violence

Gender and Violence focuses on inter-personal violence - sexual violence; 'domestic' violence; 'domestic' murder; male-on-male violence; and child abuse. The module examines whether and how extreme violence could be theorized as gendered. It explores how sexual and 'domestic' violence have been and are represented in popular discourse; in the law; in criminal justice processes; and in service provision and it traces developments in these areas, using case-studies and international comparisons.

15 credits

International Criminal Law

This module examines the material and subjective elements of international crimes namely, the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression; the criminal responsibility of individuals, and the mechanisms for the prosecution and punishment of the offenders. It also considers alternative methods of attributing justice. The module will mainly focus on the International Criminal Court and its jurisprudence and on the jurisprudence of the Yugoslav (ICTY) and the Rwanda (ICTR) Tribunals.

15 credits

Methods of Criminological Research

This is an advanced course in criminological research methods, building on the knowledge acquired in the first semester. It will further develop students' appreciation of the relationship between theory and methods, research design, and particular techniques, as applied in criminology. The module will focus in particular on evaluation. It will cover the theoretical basis of evaluation, and the application of evaluation methodology to interventions with individuals (such as treatment programmes), and communities (such as crime prevention and community safety programmes).

15 credits

Policing and Society

The aim of the module is to explore relationships between the police, citizens and their wider socio-political context. After all, the police are the 'litmus paper' for the unfolding dynamics of society. The module starts by familiarising students with key concepts, such as discretion, coercion and accountability. The module then goes to explore in-depth the history of policing, theories of policing, police powers and citizens' rights, community policing and patterns of policing in late-modern global societies, including civilianisation, privatisation and transnationalisation. This module draws partly on empirical evidence from England and Wales and other common law jurisdictions, but is also grounded in sociological theories about policing and society.

15 credits

Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods

This module aims to familiarise students with a range of research methods and analyses in common use in criminology and related social science disciplines. It will introduce students to quantitative and qualitative research techniques and guide them through a combination of formal teaching and workshop experience. The module will introduce basic concepts such as sampling, distributions, hypothesis testing and descriptive statistics and the use of computer programs, such as SPSS. It then goes on to bivariate statistics such as correlation and cross-tabulation along with relevant statistical tests. Students will become familiar with the key role that secondary data analysis now plays in criminology and other social sciences. It will cover a range of data collection techniques including interviewing, observation, documents and archives, and the use of visual data, as well as distinct research approaches including ethnography and mixed methods. Across the range of quantitative and qualitative approaches, students will learn how to use methods appropriately and with confidence, and how to interpret the results produced by those methods clearly and correctly.

30 credits

Restorative Justice

This module examines the historical and theoretical foundations of restorative justice as a response to offending behaviour. The various practices associated with restorative justice (including victim-offender mediation, family group conferencing and police-led conferencing) around the world are examined and their relationship with 'formal' systems of criminal justice considered. The module also critically considers the effectiveness of restorative justice practices from the perspectives of a variety of stakeholders, including victims, offenders, communities and politicians.

15 credits

Globalising Penal Theory

This module provides an advanced introduction to penal theory – the philosophical, political, legal and social theory of criminal punishment. It highlights the four major questions that penal theorists engage with: the definitional (what is criminal punishment?); the justificatory (Should we punish? Why?); and the distributive (How much should we punish?). We typically ask and answer these questions in the abstract, but this course situates them comparatively, exploring how the answers offered differ between different historical periods and across transnational and international boundaries.

15 credits