Referencing is the literacy which enables learners to acknowledge the work of others, building on their own analysis of existing knowledge. It also enables learners to attribute sources by creating citations and generating accurate bibliographies. These skills sit within a broad understanding of the legal and ethical context of information and help learners to manage their information and avoid plagiarism.
Correct referencing is an essential component of academic writing. Learn how to reference correctly in the style required by your department, as well as how to avoid plagiarism, using the guides below.
Departmental referencing stylesSelect your department from the list to see the referencing style used by your department. You should always check with your lecturer if you have any queries. |
Tutorials on referencing and related literacies
Understanding plagiarismUnderstand plagiarism, the difference between collaboration and collusion, and identify ways to avoid plagiarism through appropriate note taking, reference management, and time management. |
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Plagiarism and referencing quizA self help quiz to test your knowledge and understanding of plagiarism and the importance of referencing. |
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How to attribute imagesLearn how to attribute images used in your work to give fair credit to those whose work you use, and how this differs in digital and print forms. |
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TUOS Referencing standards
The TUOS referencing standards adhere to the appropriate published standard, with interpretations of rules where required (such as an item type where no published guidance exists) made in a standard TUOS style.
HarvardThe TUOS Harvard Standard adheres to the Harvard British Standard, with interpretations of rules where required made in a standard TUOS style. |
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AIPThis guide is based on guidance from the American Institute of Physics, with interpretations of rules where required made in a standard TUOS style. |
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APA 6th editionThis guide adheres to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 6th edition, with interpretations of rules where required made in a standard TUOS style. |
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APA 7th edition BETAThis is the updated 7th edition of APA referencing. If you are using the 6th edition, continue to do so and do not mix the two styles. Please check with your department if you are unsure which style to use. This new style referencing guide is in BETA. It adheres to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 7th edition, with interpretations of rules where required made in a standard TUOS style. |
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Cell BETAThis new style referencing guide is in BETA. This guide adheres to the Cell Publications Information for Authors, with interpretations of rules where required made in a standard TUOS style. |
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IEEEThis guide adheres to the Publication Manual of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, with interpretations of rules where required made in a standard TUOS style. |
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MHRA FootnotesThis guide adheres to the Modern Humanities Research Association Style Guide: Third edition, with interpretations of rules where required made in a standard TUOS style. |
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OSCOLA ReferencingThe Oxford University System for the Citation of Legal Authorities or OSCOLA referencing style is designed by Oxford University to accurately reference authorities, legislation, and a variety of legal materials. It is widely used by Law Schools and legal researchers in the UK. This resource is from Cardiff University. |
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VancouverThis guide adheres to the National Library of Medicine's Citing Medicine Style Guide, with interpretations of rules where required made in a standard TUOS style. |
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